Thulium, 69 Tm Pabaosan (THEW -lee-əm ) Cingakan klau pérak Bobot atom standar A r, std (Tm) 7002168934218000000♠ 168.934218 (6)[ 1]
Wilangan atom (Z ) 69 Watek n/a Période période 6 Blok blok-f Konpigurasi éléktron [Xé ] 4f13 6s2 Éléktron per kulit 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 Pase ring STP padet Titik lebur 1818 K (1545 °C, 2813 °F) Titik didih 2223 K (1950 °C, 3542 °F) Kapadetan (nampek s.r. ) 9.32 g/cm3 ri kala éncéh (ring t.l. ) 8.56 g/cm3 Panes fusi 16.84 kJ/mol Panes panguapan 191 kJ/mol Kapasitas panes molar 27.03 J/(mol·K) Tekanan uap
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1117
1235
1381
1570
(1821)
(2217)
Paindikan oksidasi 0,[ 2] +1,[ 3] +2, +3 (oksida basa ) Kaéléktronégatipan skala Pauling: 1.25 Wasa ionisasi ka-1: 596.7 kJ/mol ka-2: 1160 kJ/mol ka-3: 2285 kJ/mol Jeriji atom émpiris: 176 pm Jeriji kovalén 190±10 pm Garis spéktral saking thuliumRupa alami primordial Struktur kristal susunan padat héksagon (hcp) Ékspansi térmal poly: 13.3 µm/(m⋅K) (ring s.r. ) Konduktivitas térmal 16.9 W/(m⋅K) Resistivitas listrik poly: 676 nΩ⋅m (ring s.r. ) bacakan magnétik paramagnétik (ring 300 K)Karentanan magnétik molar 6998254999999999999♠ +25500 × 10−6 cm3 /mol (291 K)[ 4] Modulus Young 74.0 GPa Modulus Shear 30.5 GPa Modulus Bulk 44.5 GPa Rasio Poisson 0.213 Kakatosan Vickers 470–650 MPa Kakatosan Brinell 470–900 MPa Nomor CAS 7440-30-4 Pangaranan mawit Thule , wawengkon mitos ring Skandinavia Panemuan miwah isolasi kapertamaPer Teodor Cleve (1879)
Kategori:Thulium | pustaka
Tm:
ring
itung saking C
bina
parihindik
pus
C
1545
—
—
K
1818
1818
0
F
2813
2813
0
présisi maks
0
WD
String Module Error: Target string is empty
dagingan
C: 1545, K: 1818, F: 2813
pabligbagan
Tm:
ring
itung saking C
bina
parihindik
pus
C
1950
—
—
K
2223
2220
3
delta
F
3542
3540
2
delta
présisi maks
0
WD
String Module Error: Target string is empty
dagingan
C: 1950, K: 2223, F: 3542
pabligbagan
Pustaka
Pustaka pacang tampil ring suratan, menawi lis puniki wantah tampil ring kaca puniki.
↑ Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry . 88 (3): 265–91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 .
↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev . 22 : 17–24. doi :10.1039/CS9932200017 . and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry . 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi :10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028 .
↑ La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB8 − clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes" . Nature Communications . 12 : 6467. doi :10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9 .
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 .
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