Gallium

Gallium, ₃₁Ga
Gallium; galiyum·
Pabaosan	/ˈɡæliəm/ (GAL-ee-əm)
Cingakan	pelung pérak
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(Ga)	69.723(1)
Gallium ring tabél périodik
	séng ← gallium → gérmanium
Wilangan atom (Z)	31
Watek	golongan 13 (golongan boron)
Période	période 4
Blok	blok-p
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Éléktron per kulit	2, 8, 18, 3
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STP	padet
Titik lebur	302.9146 K (29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F)
Titik didih	2673 K (2400 °C, 4352 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)	5.91 g/cm3
ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.)	6.095 g/cm3
Panes fusi	5.59 kJ/mol
Panes panguapan	256 kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar	25.86 J/(mol·K)
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi	−5, −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3 (oksida ampotér)
Kaéléktronégatipan	skala Pauling: 1.81
Wasa ionisasi	ka-1: 578.8 kJ/mol ; ka-2: 1979.3 kJ/mol ; ka-3: 2963 kJ/mol ; (malih) ;
Jeriji atom	émpiris: 135 pm
Jeriji kovalén	122±3 pm
Jeriji Van der Waals	187 pm
	Garis spéktral saking gallium
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	ortorombus
Kagelisan swara pales tipis	2740 m/s (ring 20 °C)
Ékspansi térmal	18 µm/(m⋅K) (ring 25 °C)
Konduktivitas térmal	40.6 W/(m⋅K)
Resistivitas listrik	270 nΩ⋅m (ring 20 °C)
bacakan magnétik	diamagnétik
Karentanan magnétik molar	−21.6×10−6 cm3/mol (ring 290 K)
Modulus Young	9.8 GPa
Rasio Poisson	0.47
Kakatosan Mohs	1.5
Kakatosan Brinell	56.8–68.7 MPa
Nomor CAS	7440-55-3
Lelintihan
Pangaranan	mawit Gallia (Latin antuk: Prancis), umah genah pacundukan
Pancawangan	Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
Panemuan miwah isolasi kapertama	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
Isotop utama gallium
ε	70Zn
	Kategori:Gallium; cingak; pabligbagan; uah; \| pustaka

Gallium silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol Ga miwah wilangan atom 31. Datu gallium punika logam sané kalis miwah mawarna kapérakan ring suhu miwah tekanan standar; Manawi ring rupa éncéh nyané manados putih masawang pérak. Pinaka kaakéhan wasa kaicain, galium prasida lung konkoidali. Punika magenah ring seka 13 saking tabél périodik, miwah punika cecirén ipun sekadi logam liyanan saking waték punika, aluminium, indium, miwah thallium.

Pustaka

↑ Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Zhang Y; Evans JRG; Zhang S (2011). "Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks". J. Chem. Eng. Data. 56 (2): 328–337. doi:10.1021/je1011086.
↑ Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Dürr, Ines; Bauer, Britta; Röhr, Caroline (2011). "Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)_x(Si,Ge)_1-x. Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen" (PDF). Z. Naturforsch. (ring Jerman). 66b: 1107–1121.
↑ Hofmann, Patrick (1997). Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden (PDF) (Thesis) (ring Jerman). PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. p. 72. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-001859893. hdl:20.500.11850/143357. ISBN 978-3728125972.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[CIAAW2013-1] Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[Zhang-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Zhang Y; Evans JRG; Zhang S (2011). "Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks". J. Chem. Eng. Data. 56 (2): 328–337. doi:10.1021/je1011086.

[3] Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Dürr, Ines; Bauer, Britta; Röhr, Caroline (2011). "Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)_x(Si,Ge)_1-x. Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen" (PDF). Z. Naturforsch. (ring Jerman). 66b: 1107–1121.

[4] Hofmann, Patrick (1997). Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden (PDF) (Thesis) (ring Jerman). PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. p. 72. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-001859893. hdl:20.500.11850/143357. ISBN 978-3728125972.

[5] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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