Mal:Kotak inpo gérmanium

Gérmanium, ₃₂Gé
Gérmanium; geŕmaniyum·
Pabaosan	/dʒərˈmeɪniəm/ (jər-MAY-nee-əm)
Cingakan	putih klau
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(Gé)	72.630(8)
Gérmanium ring tabél périodik
	gallium ← gérmanium → arsenik
Wilangan atom (Z)	32
Watek	golongan 14 (golongan karbon)
Période	période 4
Blok	blok-p
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Éléktron per kulit	2, 8, 18, 4
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STP	padet
Titik lebur	1211.40 K (938.25 °C, 1720.85 °F)
Titik didih	3106 K (2833 °C, 5131 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)	5.323 g/cm3
ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.)	5.60 g/cm3
Panes fusi	36.94 kJ/mol
Panes panguapan	334 kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar	23.222 J/(mol·K)
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi	−4 −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (oksida ampotér)
Kaéléktronégatipan	skala Pauling: 2.01
Wasa ionisasi	ka-1: 762 kJ/mol ; ka-2: 1537.5 kJ/mol ; ka-3: 3302.1 kJ/mol ; ;
Jeriji atom	émpiris: 122 pm
Jeriji kovalén	122 pm
Jeriji Van der Waals	211 pm
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	kubus-rombus acuan ajeng
Kagelisan swara pales tipis	5400 m/s (ring 20 °C)
Ékspansi térmal	6.0 µm/(m⋅K)
Konduktivitas térmal	60.2 W/(m⋅K)
Resistivitas listrik	1 Ω⋅m (ring 20 °C)
Selaan pita	0.67 eV (ring 300 K)
bacakan magnétik	diamagnétik
Karentanan magnétik molar	−76.84×10−6 cm3/mol
Modulus Young	103 GPa
Modulus Shear	41 GPa
Modulus Bulk	75 GPa
Rasio Poisson	0.26
Kakatosan Mohs	6.0
Nomor CAS	7440-56-4
Lelintihan
Pangaranan	mawit Jerman, umah genah kacunduk
Pancawangan	Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
Panemuan	Clemens Winkler (1886)
Isotop utama gérmanium
	Kategori:Gérmanium; cingak; pabligbagan; uah; \| pustaka

Gé: data m.p. kat ( c p u )
	ring	itung saking C	bina	parihindik	pus
C	938.25	—	—
K	1211.40	1211.40	0
F	1720.85	1720.85	0
présisi maks	2
WD
dagingan	C: 938.25, K: 1211.40, F: 1720.85
pabligbagan

Gé: data t.d. kat ( c p u )
	ring	itung saking C	bina	parihindik	pus
C	2833	—	—
K	3106	3106	0
F	5131	5131	0
présisi maks	0
WD
dagingan	C: 2833, K: 3106, F: 5131
pabligbagan

PTGérmanium

Ga ← i'box Ga	^iso ₃₂Gé (U) infobox (U) isobox	→ As i'box As
Commons Wikidata:Q867 Indéks ring PT: § sor • Kaca
c p u

c p u Pupulan data kabaca olih {{Infobox element}}
Aran miwah pangenal	cingak uah
Gambar duur (sesirah, alt)	cingak uah
Cara pabaosan	cingak uah
~~Kategori (banwiki)~~ depr	cingak uah
Bobot atom standar	cingak uah
isotop pinih tegteg	cingak uah
Rupa alami	cingak uah
Pase ring STP	cingak uah
Paindikan oksidasi	cingak uah
Gambar garis spéktrum	cingak uah
Konpigurasi éléktron (cmt, ref)	cingak uah
Simbol paistilah * (cmt, ref)	cingak uah
Wikidata *	cingak uah
* Nénten kaanggén malih {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03) Cingak taler {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

Pustaka

↑ Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 "Properties of Germanium". Ioffe Institute.

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[CIAAW2013-1] Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[ZeroValentTin2-2] "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.

[3] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[ioffe-5] 5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 "Properties of Germanium". Ioffe Institute.

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