Gunung Api ring Indonésia
(Kagingsirang saking Lis Gunung Api ring Indonésia)

Indonésia wantah negara sané madué gunung pinih akéh ring guminé. Kirang langkung 500 gunung api kasebar ring sajebag Indonésia.
Kelompok Géograpis[uah | uah wit]
Sumatra[uah | uah wit]
- Wit
- Global Volcanism Program.[1]
Selat Sunda miwah jawa[uah | uah wit]
Kepulauan Sunda Kecil[uah | uah wit]
- Wit
- Global Volcanism Program.[5]
Laut Banda[uah | uah wit]
Wastan | Wentuk | Tegeh | Letusan terakhir (VEI) | Geolokasi |
---|---|---|---|---|
Emperor of China | bawah laut | −2,850 méter (−9,350 ft) | Nénten kauningang | 6°37′S 124°13′E / 6.62°S 124.22°E |
Nieuwerkerk | bawah laut | −2,285 méter (−7,497 ft) | Nénten kauningang | 6°36′00″S 124°40′30″E / 6.60°S 124.675°E |
Gunung api Wetar | stratovulkan | 282 méter (925 ft) | 1699 (3) | 6°38′31″S 126°39′00″E / 6.642°S 126.65°E |
Wurlali | stratovulkan | 868 méter (2,848 ft) | 3 Juni 1892 (2) | 7°07′30″S 128°40′30″E / 7.125°S 128.675°E |
Teon | stratovulkan | 655 méter (2,149 ft) | 3 Juni 1904 (2) | 6°55′12″S 129°07′30″E / 6.92°S 129.125°E |
Nila | stratovulkan | 781 méter (2,562 ft) | 7 Méi 1968 (1) | 6°44′S 129°30′E / 6.73°S 129.50°E |
Serua | stratovulkan | 641 méter (2,103 ft) | 18 Séptémber 1921 (2) | 6°18′S 130°00′E / 6.30°S 130.00°E |
Manuk | stratovulkan | 282 méter (925 ft) | Nénten kauningang | 5°31′48″S 130°17′31″E / 5.53°S 130.292°E |
Banda Api | kaldera | 640 méter (2,100 ft) | 9 Méi 1988 (3) | 4°31′30″S 129°52′16″E / 4.525°S 129.871°E |
Wit: Global Volcanism Program.[6]
Sulawesi miwah Kepulauan Sangihe[uah | uah wit]
Wit: Global Volcanism Program.[7][8]
Halmahera[uah | uah wit]
Wit: Global Volcanism Program.[9]
Lis Letusan[uah | uah wit]
Tanggal letusan | Gunung api | Tanggal berhenti | VEI | Karakteristik | Tsunami | Volume tefrit | Korban diri | Sumber |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 Nopémber 2010 | Merapi | 8 Nopémber 2010 | 4 | cv,pf,ld,lm | tidak | N/A | 138 | [10] |
10 Pébruari 1990 | Kelud | Maret 1990 | 4 | cv,cl,pf,ph,ld,lm | tidak | 0.13 km³ | 35 | [11] |
18 Juli 1983 | Colo | Désémber 1983 | 4 | cv,pf,ph | tidak | N/A | 0 | [11] |
5 April 1982 | Galunggung | 8 Januari 1983 | 4 | cv,pf,lf,lm | tidak | 0.37 km³ + | 68 | [12][13] |
6 Oktober 1972 | Merapi | Maret 1985 | 2 | cv,pf,lf,ld,lm | tidak | 0.021 km³ | 29 | [10] |
26 April 1966 | Kelud | 27 April 1966 | 4 | cv,cl,pf,lm | tidak | 0.089 km³ | 212 | [11] |
17 Maret 1963 | Agung | 27 Januari 1964 | 5 | cv,pf,lf,lm | tidak | 1 km³ | 1,148 | [14] |
31 Agustus 1951 | Kelud | 31 Agustus 1951 | 4 | cv,cl,pf,lm | tidak | 0.2 km³ | 7 | [11] |
25 Nopémber 1930 | Merapi | Séptémber 1931 | 3 | cv,rf,pf,lf,ld,lm | tidak | 0.0017 km³ | 1,369 | [10] |
19 Méi 1919 | Kelud | 20 Méi 1919 | 4 | cv,cl,pf,lm | tidak | 0.19 km³ | 5,110 | [11] |
7 Juni 1892 | Awu | 12 Juni 1892 | 3 | cv,pf,lm | ya | N/A | 1,532 | [15] |
26 Agustus 1883 | Krakatau | Pébruari 1884 | 6 | cv,se,pf,fa,lm,cc | 15–42 m | 5–8.5 km³ | 36,600 | [14][16][17] |
15 April 1872 | Merapi | 21 April 1872 | 4 | cv,pf | tidak | 0.33 km³ | 200 | [10] |
2 Maret 1856 | Awu | 17 Maret 1856 | 3 | cv,pf,lm | ya | 0.51±0.50 km³ | 2,806 | [15] |
8 Oktober 1822 | Galunggung | Désémber 1822 | 5 | cv,pf,ld,lm | tidak | 1 km³ + | 4,011 | [11] |
10 April 1815 | Gunung Tambora | 15 Juli 1815 | 7 | cv,pf,cc | 1–2 m | 160 km³ | 71,000+ | [18][19] |
6 Agustus 1812 | Awu | 8 Agustus 1812 | 4 | cv,pf,lm | tidak | 0.55±0.50 km³ | 963 | [15] |
12 Agustus 1772 | Papandayan | 12 Agustus 1772 | 3 | cv,ph | tidak | N/A | 2,957 | [20] |
4 Agustus 1672 | Merapi | tidak diketahui | 3 | cv,pf,lm | tidak | N/A | 3,000 | [10] |
1586 | Kelud | tidak diketahui | 5 | cf,cl,lm | tidak | 1 km³ + | 10,000 | [11] |
SM | ≈ 74,000Toba | tidak diketahui | 8 | pf,lf,cc | mungkin | 2,800 km³ | hampir memusnahkan
populasi manusia |
[21] |
Jumlah korban diri masumber saking Survei Vulkanologi Indonésia,[22] lanTanguy et al. (1998).[23]
cutetan: cv= letusan ventilasi sentral, pf=aliran piroklastik, lf=aliran lava, lm=lumpur lahar, cl=letusan danau kawah, ph=letusan freatik, ld=ekstrusi kubah lava, cc=keruntuhan kaldera, se=letusan bawah laut, fa=aktivitas fumarol, rf=letusan celah radial.
Pustaka[uah | uah wit]
- ↑ "Volcanoes of Indonésia - Sumatra". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Kaaksés 2006-11-17.
- ↑ "Mount Merapi Erupts". ANTARA. 18 November 2013. Kaaksés 2013-11-19.
- ↑ "Volcanoes of Indonésia - Krakatau". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Kaaksés 2006-11-17.
- ↑ "Volcanoes of Indonésia - Java". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Kaaksés 2006-11-17.
- ↑ "Volcanoes of Indonésia - Lesser Sunda Islands". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2017-11-08. Kaaksés 2006-11-17.
- ↑ "Volcanoes of Indonésia - Banda Sea". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Kaaksés 2006-11-17.
- ↑ "Volcanoes of Indonésia - Sulawesi". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2006-12-30. Kaaksés 2006-11-17.
- ↑ "Volcanoes of Indonésia - Sangihe Islands". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2006-12-30. Kaaksés 2006-11-17.
- ↑ "Volcanoes of Indonésia - Halmahera". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Kaaksés 2006-11-17.
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 "Merapi Eruptive History". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2007-08-20. Kaaksés 2006-12-19.
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 11,5 11,6 "Large Holocene Eruptions". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2012-01-17. Kaaksés 2006-12-18.
- ↑ Katili, J.A. and Sudradjat, A. (1984). "Galunggung: the 1982-1983 eruption". Volcanology Survei Indonésia: 102.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ "Galunggung, Java, Indonésia". Volcano World. Department of Geosciences at OrÉgon State University. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2008-06-16. Kaaksés 2006-12-30.
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 Michael R. Rampino and Stephen Self (1982). "Historic eruptions of Tambora (1815), Krakatau (1883), and Agung (1963), their stratospheric aerosols, and climatic impact". Quaternary Research. 18 (2): 127–143. Bibcode:1982QuRes..18..127R. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(82)90065-5.
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 "Awu's Eruptive History". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2007-07-07. Kaaksés 2006-12-31.
- ↑ Winchester, Simon (2003). Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: 8 27, 1883. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-621285-5.
- ↑ B.H. Choi, E. Pelinovsky, K.O. Kim and J.S. Lee (2003). "Simulation of the trans-oceanic tsunami propagation due to the 1883 Krakatau volcanic eruption" (PDF). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 3 (5): 321–332. doi:10.5194/nhess-3-321-2003. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2006-09-12. Kaaksés 2020-07-22.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Stothers, Richard B. (1984). "The Great Tambora Eruption in 1815 and Its Aftermath". Science. 224 (4654): 1191–1198. doi:10.1126/science.224.4654.1191. PMID 17819476. Unknown parameter
|biSMode=
ignored (help) - ↑ Oppenheimer, Clive (2003). "Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815". Progress in Physical Geography. 27 (2): 230–259. doi:10.1191/0309133303pp379ra.
- ↑ "The Deadliest Eruptions". Volcano World. Department of Geosciences at OrÉgon State University. Kaaksés 2009-03-15.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- ↑ Oppenheimer, C. (2002). "Limited global change due to the largest known Quaternary eruption, Toba ≈74 kyr BP?". Quaternary Science Reviews. 21 (14–15): 1593–1609. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00154-8. Unknown parameter
|biSMode=
ignored (help) - ↑ "Centre of Volcanology & Geological Hazard Mitigation". Volcanological Survey of Indonésia. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2006-12-16. Kaaksés 2006-12-31.
- ↑ J.-C. Tanguy, Ch. Ribière, A. Scarth and W.S. Tjetjep (1998). "Victims from volcanic eruptions: a revised database". Bulletin of Volcanology. 60 (2): 137–144. Bibcode:1998BVol...60..137T. doi:10.1007/s004450050222.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)[pranala nonaktif permanen]
Cingak malih[uah | uah wit]
Pranala jaba[uah | uah wit]
- (Indonésia)Volcanological Survey Indonesia
- (Inggris)Indonesian Volcanoes and mountains of Indonesia