Alan Turing
| Alan Turing OBE FRS | |
|---|---|
 Turing ring warsa 1928 mayusa 16 | |
| Embas | Alan Mathison Turing 23 Juni 1912 Maida Vale, London, Inggris |
| Séda | 7 Juni 1954 (yusa 41) Wilmslow, Cheshire, Inggris |
| Awanan séda | Ulah pati (kacawang) olih kawisa sianida |
| Genah pasandekan | Abu kasebar ring taman Krematorium Woking |
| Mabangsa | Inggris |
| Pendidikan | Sekolah Sherborne |
| Almamater |
|
| Kauningin | |
| Pasangan aumah | Joan Clarke (matuangan warsa 1941; nénten mawiwaha) |
| Pangormatan | Smith's Prize (1936) |
| Karir Ilmuwan | |
| Bidang | |
| Institusi | |
| Thesis | Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals (1938) |
| Doctoral advisor | Alonzo Church[2] |
| Murid doctoral | Robin Gandy,[2][3] Beatrice Worsley[4] |
| Mempengaruhi | Max Newman[5] |
| Lingga tangan | |
 | |
Alan Mathison Turing OBE FRS (embas 23 Juni 1912 – seda 7 Juni 1954 ring yusa 41) punika wong Inggris[6] matematikawan, ilmuwan komputer, logikawan, cryptanalyst, pantatwa, miwah ahli biologi téoritis.[7] Turing pinih mingaruhin ring parkembangan ilmu komputer téoritis, ngicen formalisasi konsep algoritma miwah paitungan nganggé mesin Turing, sané prasida kaanggap manados model komputer tetujon umum.[8][9] Turing keanggep dados bapak ilmu komputer téoritis miwah kawikanan tetironan.[10] Menawi pekaryan ipun nenten keakuin mawinan ida rumasuk homoséksual
Rikala Yuda Jagat II, Turing mekarya antuk mecatin pamecahan sandi Jérman, rumasuk paningkatan metode bom Polandia sadurung yuda, mesin éléktromékanis sané prasida nemu pangaturan antuk mesin Énigma.
Turing madué pakaryan penting ring mecahang sesuratan kode sané kacegat sané prasida ngaryanang Sekutu menang pantaraning Nazi ring akéh patempuran, rumasuk Patempuran Atlantik, miwah prasida ngawantu yuda.[11] Makudang-kudang wit antuk Winston Churchill nikayang Turing medué kontribusi tunggal pinih ageng antuk kamenangan Sekutu ring yuda pantaraning Nazi Jérman. Menawi, The Churchill Centre miwah penyurat biograpi Turing Andrew Hodges nikayang nénten wénten bukti dokuménter sané ngewantu paindikan punika.[12][13][14] Mawinan pikobet babad kontrafaktual, meweh antuk ngecawang efek saking intelijén Ultra ring yuda,[15] menawi kacawang pekaryan ipun ngendepang kala yuda ring Éropa luwih kalih warsa miwah nyalametang 14 yuta diri.[11]
Risampuné yuda, Turing mekarya ring Laboratorium Fisik Nasional, ring irika ida ngaryaning désain Mesin Komputasi Otomatis. Mesin Komputasi Otomatis punika silih tunggil désain kapertama antuk komputer medué program sané kasimpen. Ring warsa 1948, Turing sareng Laboratorium Mesin Komputasi ring Universitas Victoria ring Manchester, ida ngewantu ngembangang komputer Manchester[16] miwah mikayunin biologi matematika. Ida menyurat situnggil makalah nganggén dasar kimia morfogénésis[1] miwah ngecawang berosilasi réaksi kimia sekadi réaksi Belousov-Zhabotinsky, kapertama kacingak warsa 1960-an.
Turing ring warsa 1952 katuntut mawinan parilaksana homoséksual, ida polih kaubadin antuk kapelesan kimia, nganggén DES, sané dados alternatif tahanan penjara. Turing lebar ring warsa 1954, 16 dina sadurung wanti warsa ipun kaping 42, saking kacetik sianida. Pameriksaan nikayang ida salah pati, menawi kecatet pinaka bukti punika nénten konsistén sareng kacetik sané nénten buwaka.
Ring warsa 2009, risampuné kampanye internét, Perdana Menteri Inggris Gordon Brown nunas sinampura saking aran Pamréntahan Inggris antuk "parilaksana sané nénten becik majeng ida".[17]
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Karya Alan Turing sané kaindeks ring Google Scholar
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Alan Turing ring Mathematics Genealogy Project
- ↑ Gandy, Robin Oliver (1953). On axiomatic systems in mathematics and theories in physics (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. doi:10.17863/CAM.16125. Mal:EThOS. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 9 December 2017. Kaaksés 9 December 2017.
- ↑ Bowen, Jonathan P. (2019). "The Impact of Alan Turing: Formal Methods and Beyond". Ring Bowen, Jonathan P.; Liu, Zhiming; Zhang, Zili (eds.). Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems. SETSS 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 11430. Cham: Springer. pp. 202–235. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17601-3_5.
- ↑ Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, Chapter 40, Turing's mentor, Max Newman. In Copeland, B. Jack; Bowen, Jonathan P.; Wilson, Robin; Sprevak, Mark (2017). The Turing Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-874782-6.
- ↑ "Who was Alan Turing?". The British Library. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 23 July 2019. Kaaksés 29 July 2019.
- ↑ Anon (2017). Turing, Alan Mathison. ukwhoswho.com. Who's Who (édisi ka-onliné Oxford University Press). A & C Black, imprint Bloomsbury Publishing plc. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U243891.
(perlu berlangganan)
- ↑ Newman, M.H.A. (1955). "Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1: 253–263. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019. JSTOR 769256.
- ↑ Sipser 2006, p. 137
- ↑ Beavers 2013, p. 481
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Copeland, Jack (18 Juné 2012). "Alan Turing: The codebreaker who saved 'millions of lives'". BBC News Technology. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 11 October 2014. Kaaksés 26 October 2014. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Schilling, Jonathan (8 January 2015). "Churchill Said Turing Madé the Single Biggest Contribution to Allied Victory". The Churchill Centre: Myths. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 17 February 2015. Kaaksés 9 January 2015.
- ↑ Hodges, Andrew. "Part 4: The Relay Race". Update to Alan Turing: The Enigma. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 20 January 2015. Kaaksés 9 January 2015.
- ↑ Spencer, Clare (11 Séptémber 2009). "Profile: Alan Turing". BBC News. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 13 December 2017. Kaaksés 17 February 2015.
Update 13 February 2015
- ↑ Richelson, Jeffery T. (1997). A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 296. and Hartcup, Guy (2000). The Effect of Science on the Second World War. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press. pp. 96–99.
- ↑ Leavitt 2007, pp. 231–233
- ↑ "'Alan Turing law': Thousands of gay men to be pardoned". BBC News. 20 October 2016. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 20 October 2016. Kaaksés 20 October 2016.
- Agar, Jon (2001). Turing and the Universal Machiné. Duxford: Icon. ISBN 978-1-84046-250-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Agar, Jon (2003). The government machine: a revolutionary history of the computer. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01202-7.
- Alexander, C. Hugh O'D. "Cryptographic History of Work on the German Naval Enigma". The National Archives, Kew, Reference HW 25/1. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - Beavers, Anthony (2013). "Alan Turing: Mathematical Mechanist". Ring Cooper, S. Barry; van Leeuwen, Jan (eds.). Alan Turing: His Work and Impact. Waltham: Elsevier. pp. 481–485. ISBN 978-0-12-386980-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Beniger, James (1986). The control revolution: technological and economic origins of the information society. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-16986-9.
- Babbage, Charles (1864). Campbell-Kelly, Martin (ed.). Passages from the life of a philosopher. Rough Draft Printing (kawedar 2008). ISBN 978-1-60386-092-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bodanis, David (2005). Electric Universe: How Electricity Switched on the Modern World. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-307-33598-2. OCLC 61684223.
- Bruderer, Herbert: Konrad Zuse und die Schweiz. Wer hat den Computer erfunden? Charles Babbage, Alan Turing und John von Neumann Oldenbourg Verlag, München 2012, XXVI, 224 Seiten, Mal:Isbn
- Campbell-Kelly, Martin; Aspray, William (1996). Computer: A History of the Information Machiné. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02989-1.
- Ceruzzi, Paul E. (1998). A History of Modern Computing. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-53169-6.
- Chandler, Alfred (1977). The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0-674-94052-9.
- Church, Alonzo (1936). "An Unsolvable Problem of Elementary Number Theory". American Journal of Mathematics. 58 (2): 345–363. doi:10.2307/2371045. ISSN 0002-9327. JSTOR 2371045.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cooper, S. Barry; van Leeuwen, Jan (2013). Alan Turing: His Work and Impact. New York: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-386980-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Copeland, B. Jack (2004a). "Colossus: Its Origins and Originators". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 26 (4): 38–45. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2004.26.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Copeland, B. Jack, ed. (2004b). The Essential Turing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-825079-1. OCLC 156728127.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Copeland, B. Jack, ed. (2005). Alan Turing's Automatic Computing Enginé. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-856593-2. OCLC 224640979.
- Copeland, B. Jack (2006). Colossus: The secrets of Bletchley Park's code-breaking computers. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-284055-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hilton, Peter (2006). "Living with Fish: Breaking Tunny in the Newmanry and Testery". Colussus.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) in Copeland 2006, pp. 189–203
- Edwards, Paul N (1996). The closed world: computers and the politics of discourse in Cold War America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-55028-4.
- Gannon, Paul (2007) [2006]. Colossus: Bletchley Park's Greatest Secret. London: Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1-84354-331-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hodges, Andrew (1983). Alan Turing : the enigma. London: Burnett Books. ISBN 978-0-09-152130-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hochhuth, Rolf (1988). Alan Turing: en berättelse. Symposion. ISBN 978-91-7868-109-9.
- Leavitt, David (2007). The man who knew too much: Alan Turing and the invention of the computer. Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-7538-2200-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Levin, Janna (2006). A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-3240-2.
- Lewin, Ronald (1978). Ultra Goes to War: The Secret Story. Classic Military History (édisi ka-Classic Penguin). London: Hutchinson & Co (kawedar 2001). ISBN 978-1-56649-231-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lubar, Steven (1993). Infoculture. Boston, Massachusetts and New York: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-57042-5.
- Mahon, A.P. (1945). "The History of Hut Eight 1939–1945". UK National Archives Reference HW 25/2. Kaaksés 10 December 2009. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Oakley, Brian, ed. (2006). The Bletchley Park War Diaries: July 1939 – August 1945 (édisi ka-2.6). Wynné Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- O'Connell, H; Fitzgerald, M (2003). "Did Alan Turing have Asperger's syndrome?". Irish Journal of Psychological Mediciné. Irish Institute of Psychological Mediciné. 20 (1): 28–31. doi:10.1017/s0790966700007503. ISSN 0790-9667. PMID 30440230.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mal:MacTutor Biography
- Petzold, Charles (2008). "The Annotated Turing: A Guided Tour through Alan Turing's Historic Paper on Computability and the Turing Machine". Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing. Mal:Isbn
- Smith, Roger (1997). Fontana History of the Human Sciences. London: Fontana.
- Sipser, Michael (2006). Introduction to the Theory of Computation. PWS Publishing. ISBN 978-0-534-95097-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Weizenbaum, Joseph (1976). Computer Power and Human Reason. London: W.H. Freeman. Mal:Isbn
- Turing, A.M. (1937) [Delivered to the Society November 1936]. "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" (PDF). Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 2. 42. pp. 230–65. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) and Turing, A.M. (1938). "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem: A correction". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 2. 43 (kawedar 1937). pp. 544–46. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-43.6.544.
- Turing, Sara Stoney (1959). Alan M Turing. W Heffer. Turing's mother, who survived him by many years, wrote this 157-page biography of her son, glorifying his life. It was published in 1959, and so could not cover his war work. Scarcely 300 copies were sold (Sara Turing to Lyn Newman, 1967, Library of St John's College, Cambridge). The six-page foreword by Lyn Irvine includes reminiscences and is more frequently quoted. It was re-published by Cambridge University Press in 2012, to honour the centenary of his birth, and included a new foreword by Martin Davis, as well as a never-before-published memoir by Turing's older brother John F. Turing.
- Whitemore, Hugh; Hodges, Andrew (1988). Breaking the code. S. French. This 1986 Hugh Whitemore play tells the story of Turing's life and death. In the original West End and Broadway runs, Derek Jacobi played Turing and he recreated the role in a 1997 television film based on the play made jointly by the BBC and WGBH, Boston. The play is published by Amber Lané Press, Oxford, ASIN: B000B7TM0Q
- Williams, Michael R. (1985) A History of Computing Technology, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Mal:Isbn
- Yates, David M. (1997). Turing's Legacy: A history of computing at the National Physical Laboratory 1945–1995. London: London Science Museum. ISBN 978-0-901805-94-2. OCLC 123794619.
- Turing, Alan (1950). "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" (PDF). Mind. 49 (236): 433–460. doi:10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Copeland, B. Jack (ed.). "The Mind and the Computing Machine: Alan Turing and others". The Rutherford Journal.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Copeland, B. Jack (ed.). "Alan Turing: Father of the Modern Computer". The Rutherford Journal.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mal:Cite encyclopaedia
- Mal:Cite ODNB
- Gray, Paul (29 March 1999). "Computer Scientist: Alan Turing". Time. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 19 January 2011. Kaaksés 4 August 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bernhardt, Chris (2017), Turing's Vision: The Birth of Computer Science, MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-53351-5
- Copeland, B. Jack; Bowen, Jonathan P.; Wilson, Robin; Sprevak, Mark (2017). The Turing Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-874783-3.
- Dyson, George (2012). Turing's Cathedral: The Origins of the Digital Universe. Vintage. ISBN 978-1-4000-7599-7.
- Gleick, James (2011). The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood. New York: Pantheon. ISBN 978-0-375-42372-7.
- Hodges, Andrew (2014). Alan Turing: The Enigma. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16472-4. (originally published in 1983); basis of the film The Imitation Game