Gering agung

Prajuru Palang Merah Amérika makta layon sané padem olih gering "flu Spanyol".

Gering agung utawi Grubug agung utawi pandemi (saking Yunani πᾶν, pan, "sajebag" miwah δῆμος, demos, "jatma") inggih punika gering saking panyungkan ngelahlahin sané kasebar ring wewengkon sané jimbar, sekadi akéh benoa utawi sajagaté, mingaruhin akéh jatma. Panyungkanan endemik sané kasebar jimbar antuk akéh jatma sané kelahlahin nénten grubug. Panyungkanan endemik kasebar jimbar antuk jatma sané kelahlahin akéh nyané tetep sekadi influenza memasan ketah nyané nénten rumasuk, mawinan panyungkanan punika kawéntenan ipun kesarengin akéh ring aab sané patéh miwah ring wewengkon soang-soang, nénten sekadi panyungkanan sané wénten ring akéh wewengkon taler kasebar jimbar ring jagaté.

Ring aab lelintihan manusa, sampun wénten gering agung sekadi cacar miwah tuberkulosis. Gering agung sané ngeranayang akéh padem lelintihan kacutet punika Grubug selem (utawi mearan Pés), sané mademang sawatara 75–200 yuta jatma ring abad ka-14.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Aran pandemi durung keanggén ring aabé punika selanturnyané rumasuk grubug influensa 1918 (flu Spanyol).^[7]^[8]^[9] Sané mangkin wentén gering agung COVID-19 miwah HIV/AIDS.

Pustaka

↑ Gould 1966, p. 617.
↑ ABC/Reuters (29 January 2008). "Black death 'discriminated' between victims (ABC News in Science)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 20 December 2016. Kaaksés 3 November 2008.
↑ "Black Death's Gené Code Cracked". Wired. 3 October 2001. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 26 April 2015. Kaaksés 12 February 2015.
↑ "Health: De-coding the Black Death". BBC. 3 October 2001. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 7 July 2017. Kaaksés 3 November 2008.
↑ Aberth 2010.
↑ Deleo & Hinnebusch 2005, pp. 927–928.
↑ 1918 Pandemics (H1N1 virus). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
↑ Rosenwald, Michael S. (7 April 2020). "History's deadliest pandemics, from ancient Rome to modern America". Washington Post. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 7 April 2020. Kaaksés 11 April 2020.
↑ "Weekly Virological Update on 05 August 2010". World Health Organization (WHO). 5 August 2010. Kaaksés 8 April 2020.

[FOOTNOTEGould1966617-1] Gould 1966, p. 617.

[ABC/Reuters-2] ABC/Reuters (29 January 2008). "Black death 'discriminated' between victims (ABC News in Science)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 20 December 2016. Kaaksés 3 November 2008.

[Black_Death's_Gené_Code_Cracked-3] "Black Death's Gené Code Cracked". Wired. 3 October 2001. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 26 April 2015. Kaaksés 12 February 2015.

[Health:_De-coding_the_Black_Death-4] "Health: De-coding the Black Death". BBC. 3 October 2001. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 7 July 2017. Kaaksés 3 November 2008.

[FOOTNOTEAberth2010-5] Aberth 2010.

[FOOTNOTEDeleoHinnebusch2005927–928-6] Deleo & Hinnebusch 2005, pp. 927–928.

[7] 1918 Pandemics (H1N1 virus). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 18 April 2020.

[8] Rosenwald, Michael S. (7 April 2020). "History's deadliest pandemics, from ancient Rome to modern America". Washington Post. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 7 April 2020. Kaaksés 11 April 2020.

[WHO99-9] "Weekly Virological Update on 05 August 2010". World Health Organization (WHO). 5 August 2010. Kaaksés 8 April 2020.

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