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Bulan ☾
Full moon in the darkness of the night sky. It is patterned with a mix of light-tone regions and darker, irregular blotches, and scattered with varying sizes of impact craters, circles surrounded by out-thrown rays of bright ejecta.
Full moon
Bulan purnama terlihat dari belahan utara Bumi
Penamaan
Wulan, Candra, Lunar
Kruna sifat Basa Inggrislunar, komariah
Karakteristik orbit
Perigee363295 km
(0.0024 AU)
Apogee405503 km
(0.0027 AU)
384399 km
(0.00257 AU)[1]
Eksentrisitas0.0549[1]
27.321582 h (27 d 7 h 43,1 min[1])
29.530589 h (29 d 12 h 44 min 2,9 s)
Kecepatan orbit rata-rata
1.022 km/s
Inklinasi5,145° ke ekliptika[2] (antara 18,29° dan 28,58° ke khatulistiwa Bumi)[1]
Mundur satu revolusi dalam 18,6 tahun
Maju satu revolusi dalam 8,85 tahun
Satelit dariBumi
Karakteristik fisik
Radius rata-rata
1737.10 km (0,273 Bumi)[1][3]
1738.14 km (0,273 Bumi)[3]
Radius kutub
1735.97 km (0,273 Bumi)[3]
Kepepatan0.00125
Keliling10921 km (khatulistiwa)
3.793×107 km2 (0,074 Bumi)
Volume2.1958×1010 km3 (0,020 Bumi)
Massa7.3477×1022 kg (0.012300 Bumi[1])
Massa jenis rata-rata
3.3464 g/cm3[1]
1.622 m/s2 (0.1654 g)
2.38 km/s
27.321582 h (sinkron)
Kecepatan rotasi ekuator
4,627 m/s
1,5424° (ke ekliptika)
6,687° (ke bidang orbit)[2]
Albedo0,136[4]
Suhu permukaan min. rata-rata maks.
Khatulistiwa -173º C -53º C 116º C
85°N[5] -203 °C -143º C -43º C
−2,5 sampai −12,9[lower-alpha 1]
−12,74 (rata-rata bulan purnama)[3]
29,3 sampai 34,1 menit busur[3][lower-alpha 2]
Atmosfer[6]
Tekanan permukaan
10−7 Pa (siang)
10−10 Pa (malam)[lower-alpha 3]
Komposisi per volumeAr, He, Na, K, H, Rn
Bulan sane marwarna barak miwah jingga, kacingak saking Gumi ritatkala gerhana Bulan, ritatkala Gumi magenah riantara Bulan lan Matahari.

Bulan (simbol: ☾) ento awak astronomi ané mapiteh ngilehin Gumi. Tusing ada satelit alami di Guminé ané lénan tekén Bulan. Bulan ento satelit paling gedé ané ka-5 di tata surya tur satelit paling gedé yén padaang tekén planét ané kailehin. Bulan ento masih satelit paling padet ané ka-2 di tata surya, sasubané Io, satelit Jupitér.[7]

Bulan kawentuk 4,51 milyar tiban ané suba liwat, tusing makelo sasubané Guminé. Manut téori ané paling katerima dinané ené, Bulan kawentuk uli bok muah sisan tabrakan Gumi ajak planét lénan, sagedé Mars, ané maadan Theia.[8]

Pustaka

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Wieczorek, M.; et al. (2006). "The constitution and structure of the lunar interior". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 60 (1): 221–364. doi:10.2138/rmg.2006.60.3.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Lang, Kenneth R. (2011); The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Williams, Dr. David R. (2 February 2006). "Moon Fact Sheet". NASA (National Space Science Data Center). Kaaksés 31 December 2008.
  4. ↑ Matthews, Grant (2008). "Celestial body irradiance determination from an underfilled satellite radiometer: application to albedo and thermal emission measurements of the Moon using CERES". Applied Optics. 47 (27): 4981–93. Bibcode:2008ApOpt..47.4981M. doi:10.1364/AO.47.004981. PMID 18806861.
  5. ↑ A.R. Vasavada, D.A. Paige, and S.E. Wood (1999). "Near-Surface Temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits". Icarus. 141 (2): 179. Bibcode:1999Icar..141..179V. doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6175.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ Lucey, P.; Korotev, Randy L.; et al. (2006). "Understanding the lunar surface and space-Moon interactions". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 60 (1): 83–219. doi:10.2138/rmg.2006.60.2.
  7. ↑ Schubert, J. (2004). "Interior composition, structure, and dynamics of the Galilean satellites.". In F. Bagenal; et al. (eds.). Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites, and Magnetosphere. Cambridge University Press. k. 281–306. ISBN 978-0-521-81808-7
  8. ↑ "Origin of the Earth and Moon". G. Jeffrey Taylor, Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology.

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Cutetan

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  1. ↑ Nilai maksimum didasarkan pada skala kecerahan dari nilai -12,74 yang diberikan untuk jarak khatulistiwa ke pusat Bulan, atau 378.000 menurut NASA, hingga jarak minimum Bumi-Bulan yang dicantumkan disini, setelah disesuaikan dengan radius khatulistiwa Bumi, yakni 6.378, sehingga jaraknya adalah 350.600 km. Nilai minimum (saat bulan baru) didasarkan pada skala yang sama dengan menggunakan jarak Bumi-Bulan maksimum, atau 407.000 km, dan dengan menghitung kecerahan cahaya bulan pada saat bulan baru. Kecerahan cahaya bulan adalah Albedo Bumi × (radius bumi / Radius orbit Bulan)2 ] relatif terhadap pencahayaan langsung dari Matahari yang terjadi saat bulan purnama. (Albedo Bumi = 0.367; Radius Bumi = radius (kutub × radius khatulistiwa)½ = 6 367 km.)
  2. ↑ Kisaran nilai ukuran sudut yang dicantumkan berdasarkan pada skala sederhana dari nilai yang terdapat dalam referensi: jarak khatulistiwa Bumi ke pusat Bulan adalah 378.000 km, ukuran sudutnya adalah 1.896 detik busur. Referensi yang sama mencantumkan jarak ekstrem Bumi-Bulan adalah 407.000 km dan 357.km 000. Untuk menentukan ukuran sudut maksimum, jarak minimum harus dikoreksi sesuai dengan radius khatulistiwa bumi, yakni 6.378 km, sehingga hasilnya 350.600 km.
  3. ↑ Lucey et al. (2006) menyatakan 107 partikel cm−3 pada siang hari dan 105 partikel cm−3 pada malam hari. Akibat suhu permukaan khatulistiwa yang mencapai 390 K pada siang hari dan 100 K pada malam hari, hukum gas ideal menghasilkan tekanan yang sebagaimana yang dicantumkan pada kotak info (dibulatkan hingga mendekati urutan magnitudo): 10−7 Pa pada siang hari dan 10−10 Pa pada malam hari.

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Bibliografi

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Bacaan liyanan

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Pranala jaba

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Wit kartografi

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Perangkat observasi

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Mal:Topik Bulan Mal:Bumi Mal:Tata Surya

Mal:Artikel pilihan

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