Rwanda

Indik paindikan liyanan, cingak Rwanda (disambiguasi).

Républik Rwanda Répubulika y'u Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) République du Rwanda (Prancis)
Kobér Rwanda Kobér Panji Rwanda Panji
Semboyan: Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu (Kinyarwanda: "Persatuan, Kerja, Patriotisme")
Gending kebangsaan:  Rwanda nziza (Indonesia: "Rwanda yang indah")
Location of Rwanda (hijau tua) – in Afrika (biru muda & kelabu tua) – in Uni Afrika (biru muda)
Genah Rwanda
Ibu kota (lan kota pinih ageng)	Kigali 1°56′S 30°35′E
Basa resmi	Kinyarwanda Prancis Inggris
Kelompok étnis	99% Banyarwanda —85% Hutu —14% Tutsi —1% Twa 1% Lainnya
Agama	93.8% Kristen 3.0% Tidak beragama 2.2% Islam 1.0% Lainnya
Pamréntahan	Kesatuan kediktatoran otoriter partai dominan presidensial republik konstitusional
• Presiden	Paul Kagame
• Perdana Menteri	Édouard Ngirente
Legislatip	Parlemen
- Majelis Duur	Senat
- Majelis Beten	Umutwe w'Abadepite
Kemerdekaan
• Saking Belgia	1 Juli 1962
• Bergabung di PBB	18 September 1962
• Konstitusi mangkin	26 Mei 2003
Jimbarnyané
- Total	26,338 km2 (10,169 sq mi) (149)
- Perairan (%)	5,3
Populasi
- Perkiraan 2021	12.955.736 (76)
- Sensus Krama 2012	10,515,973
- Kepadatan	470/km2 (1,217.3/sq mi) (22)
PDB (KKB)	2022
- Total	$37,211 miliar
- Per kapita	$2.405
PDB (nominal)	2022
- Total	$12,06 miliar
- Per kapita	$910
Gini (2016)	43.7 sedang
IPM (2019)	0.543 rendah · 160th
Mata uang	Franc Rwanda (FRw) (RWF)
Zona waktu	Waktu Afrika Tengah (CAT) (UTC+2)
Lajur kemudi	kanan
Kode télépon	+250
Kode ISO 3166	RW
Ranah Internet	.rw

Rwanda, wastan resmi Républik Rwanda (Kinyarwanda: Repubulika y'u Rwanda; Prancis: République du Rwanda; Inggris: Republik Rwanda; Mal:Lang-sw), inggih punika silih tunggil negara ring Afrika Tengah. Negara niki magenah makudang-kudang derajat ring sor khatulistiwa miwah mawates sareng Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, miwah Républik Démokratik Kongo. Rwanda samian ring genah sané tegeh, antuk gunung ring sisi kelod, sabana ring sisi kangin, lan akeh danu sané kasebar ring sajebag panegara. Iklimnyané anget ngantos subtropis, antuk kalih musim basah lan tuh sané mabinayan nyabran warsa. Negari puniki jimbarnyané 26,798 km² miwah akeh kramanyané kirang langkung 13,623,302 diri.

Krama Rwanda kantun alit tur akehan sané magenah ring padesaan, nanging kapadetan penduduknyané silih sinunggil sané pinih tegeh ring Afrika. Rwanda pinaka genah tiga kelompok: Hutu, Tutsi, miwah Twa Danu Agung. Twa inggih punika kerdil sané magenah ring alas sané katurunan saking krama Rwanda sané pinih riin, nanging para sujana nenten cumpu indik wit lan pabinayan Hutu lan Tutsi; wenten sané percaya ipun pinaka kasta sosial, wenten taler sané nganggep ipun pinaka ras utawi suku. Agama Kristen inggih punika agama sané pinih akeh ring Rwanda, lan basa utamanyané inggih punika Kinyarwanda, sané kabaosang olih mayoritas warga Rwanda. Rwanda madue sistem pemerintahan sané marupa presiden. Presiden Rwanda inggih punika Paul Kagame saking Front Patriotik Rwanda (RPR), sané ngambil kuasa duk warsa 2000. Rwanda madue tingkat korupsi sané rendah yening saihang sareng pisagannyane, nanging organisasi kemanusiaan nglaporang penindasan kelompok oposisi, intimidasi, lan pembatasan kebebasan ekspresi ring. Negara puniki sampun kaatur olih pemerintah administrasi hierarkis sané ketat ngawit saking masa pra-kolonial. Sané mangkin wénten limang provinsi, sané kagambar antuk wates sané kagambar duk warsa 2006.

Para pemburu-pengumpul meneng ring wawidangan punika salami Zaman Batu miwah Zaman Besi, kasarengin olih Bantu. Penduduknyane masikian, kapertama dados klan lan salanturnyane dados kerajaan. Kerajaan Rwanda sampun akeh ngawit saking tengahing abad ka-18, antuk raja-raja Tutsi sane militer ngaonang sane tiosan, ngutamayang kekuasaan, lan salanturnyane ngamargiang kebijakan anti-Hutu.

Krajaan Jerman nyajah Rwanda duk warsa 1884, kasarengin olih Belgia, sane nyerang duk warsa 1916 salami Yuda Jagat I. Makakalih negara Eropa mrentah majalaran antuk raja-raja lan ngawentenang kebijakan pro-Tutsi. Penduduk Hutu ngamuk duk warsa 1959, ngamademang akeh krama Tutsi lan pamuputnyane ngadegang negara merdeka sane kadominasi olih Hutu duk warsa 1962. Front Patriotik Rwanda sane kapimpin olih Tutsi ngamedalang Perang Saudara Rwanda duk warsa 1990, kasarengin antuk Genosida Hutu Rwanda puniki. kirang langkung 500.000 kantos 1 yuta Tutsi miwah Hutu sane moderat.

Ekonomi Rwanda keni sengkala rikala Genosida Rwanda warsa 1994 nanging sampun mawali becik. Ekonominyane utamanyane kadasarin antuk pertanian. Kopi miwah teh inggih punika ekspor miwah sumber devisa sane utama. Pariwisata inggih punika sektor sane sayan nglimbak tur mangkin dados sumber devisa sane utama; gorila gunung panegara punika prasida karauhin antuk aman, lan wisatawan kayun naur ajin sane tegeh antuk ijin pelacakan gorila. Musik lan tarian inggih punika pahan sane mabuat ring budaya Rwanda, utamanyane drum lan tarian intore. Seni lan kerajinan tradisional taler kakaryanin ring sajebag panegara, sakadi imigongo, seni tai sampi sane unik.

Pustaka

Lis pustaka

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Wacenan liyanan

• Negara dan Bangsa Jilid 2: Afrika, Asia. Jakarta: Widyadara. 1988. ISBN 979-8087-01-1. (Indonésia)

Pranala jaba

Pemerintahan

• Situs resmi pemerintahan Republik Rwanda
• Kepala Negara dan Anggota Kabinet Archived 2013-09-17 at the Wayback Machine

Umum

• "Rwanda". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
• Rwanda Archived 2009-11-29 at the Wayback Machine dari UCB Libraries GovPubs
• Rwanda ring Curlie
• Profil Rwanda di BBC News
• Peta Rwanda ring Wikimedia Atlas

Pariwisata

• Situs resmi Badan Pariwisata Rwanda
• Discover Rwanda Archived 2023-01-10 at the Wayback Machine

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