Régwéda

Régwéda
Naskah Rigveda ring Devanagari, pangawit abad ka-19. Risampuné panugrahan juru tulis (šrigaṇéśāyanamaḥ oṁ), baris kapertama madué pada kapertama, RV 1.1.1a (agniṃ iḷe puraḥ-hitaṃ yajñasya devaṃ ṛtvijaṃ - tiang ngajum Agni, Imam sane kapilih, Ida Sang Hyang Widhi, menteri kurban"). Aksen nada kacihnayang antuk garis ring sor lan garis atas vertikal antuk warna barak.
Informasi
Agama	Agama Weda historis Hindu
Basa	Vedic Sanskrit
Kalpa	c. 1500–1000 BCE (Vedic period)
Bab utawi Surah	10 mandala
Ayat	10,552 mantra

Wagian saking seri
Susastra Hindu
Shruti Smriti
Wéda
Régwéda Samawéda Yajurwéda Atharwawéda Pawagian Wéda Samhita Brahmana Aranyaka Upanisad
Upanisad
Aitareya Brihadaranyaka Isa Taittiriya Candogya Kena Mundaka Mandukya Prasna Swetaswatara
Wédangga
Siksha Chanda Wyakarana Nirukta Jyotisha Kalpa
Itihasa
Mahabharata Ramayana
Purana
Mahapurana Agni Bayu Bhagawata Bhawisya Brahma Brahmanda Brahmawaiwarta Garuda Kurma Lingga Markandeya Matsya Narada (Naradiya) Padma Siwa Skanda Wamana Waraha Wisnu Upapurana Brihaddharma Dewibhagawata Ganesa Kalki Kalika Kapila Mudgala Narasinga Samba Saura Siwarahasya Wisnudharmottara
Susastra liyanan
Smerti Purana Bhagawad Gita Sutra Pancaratra Tantra Kumarawyasabharata Stotra Hanumancalisa Ramacaritamanasa Shikshapatri Wacanamruta
Portal agama Hindu

Rigwéda utawi Rég Wéda (Rigveda utawi Rig Veda, Sanskrit: ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, saking ṛc "nyungjung" and veda "kawikanan") inggih punika sastra India kuna marupa himne, nganggén basa sansekerta (sūktas). Punika silih tunggil saking papat wagian kitab suci (śruti) Wéda. Rigveda (Sanskerta: ऋग्वेद ṛgvedá, saking kruna ṛc "puji" miwah veda "kaweruhan") dados pupulan puji-pujian (sūkta) agung ring basa Sanskerta Weda kuno. Kitab puniki marupa silih tunggil saking petang kitab suci utama (śruti) ring agami Hindu sane kasub kawastanin Catur Weda. Rigveda pinaka kitab Weda sane pinih tua tur dados silih tunggil teks pinih kuno ring basa-basa Indo-Eropa sane kantun prasida kapanggihin nyantos mangkin.

Akehan para sarjana percaya mungguing suaran miwah daging Rigveda sampun katamiang madasar antuk lisan (getok tular) saking panyatusan warsa sedurung Masehi, nganggen metode ngapalang sane madue darsana, kadreman, miwah kapatutan sane pinih tegeh. Bukti filologis miwah linguistik ngicenin paneges mungguing pupulan teks Rigveda Samhita puniki kakawi ring wewidangan kaler-kauh subbenua India, pinih saking warsa 1500 ngantos 1000 SM (Zaman Perunggu).

Teks puniki madue makudang-kudang sungsunan: Samhita, Brahmana, Aranyaka, miwah Upanisad. Daging utama saking Rigveda inggih punika Rigveda Samhita, sane madue 10 kitab (maṇḍala) madaging 1,028 sūkta utawi puji-pujian sane kawangun antuk kirang langkung 10,600 bait (sane kawastanin ṛc).

Sungsunan Kitab (Maṇḍala)

Kitab Rigveda kakepah dados dasa pahan agung sane kawastanin Maṇḍala. Nyabran maṇḍala madue tegeh, sungsunan, miwah yusa sane matiosan:

Maṇḍala	Soroh / Kula Pangawi	Wewidangan Kuno	Daging Utama
Maṇḍala 1	Makudang-kudang kula rishi	Punjab nyantos Yamuna	Puji-pujian ring dewa-dewa, filosofi pangawit dunia
Maṇḍala 2–7	Kula Rishi (Gṛtsamāda, Viśvāmitra, Vāmadeva, Atri, Bharadvāja, Vasiṣṭha)	Kaler-Kauh (NW) miwah Punjab	Kasub kawastanin "Kitab Kula" (Family Books), pinih tua, ngenenin indik ritual miwah kosmologi
Maṇḍala 8	Kaṇva miwah Āṅgirasa	Kaler-Kauh miwah Punjab	Puji-pujian miwah uleman majeng ring para dewa
Maṇḍala 9	Makudang-kudang rishi matiosan	Punjab	Sajebag pahan ngenenin indik Dewa Soma miwah ritual pawentahan ajengan suci Soma
Maṇḍala 10	Makudang-kudang rishi matiosan	Haryana / India Tengah	Pinih anyar, madaging pitakon filosofis tegeh, dāna (kaluwihan dewek), miwah asal-mula jagat (Purusha Sukta)

Daging Kitab

Daging utama saking puji-pujian ring Rigveda puniki matetujon majeng ring para Dewa (panyungsungan ring khayangan). Dewa-dewa utama sane pinih akeh kapuji inggih punika:

• Dewa Indra: Dewa sangkaning sabeh, angin, miwah ksatria agung (pinih akeh kapuji).
• Dewa Agni: Dewa geni suci sane nyambungang manusane ring khayangan liwatan sarana upakara/yajna.
• Dewa Soma: Dewa sane mapaiketan ring entik-entikan miwah yeh suci sane ngicenin kakuatan.

Siosan ring puji-pujian majeng ring para Dewa, ring maṇḍala sane pinih anyar (pinih utama ring Maṇḍala 10), wénten sūkta-sūkta sane tegeh pisan nilai filosofisne, sekadi Nasadiya Sukta (nyritayang indik kawentenan sedurung jagate kakerep) miwah Purusha Sukta (nyritayang indik asal mula jagat raya saking raga Sang Purusha).

Kasuksman ring Agami Hindu: Nyantos mangkin, makudang-kudang bait saking Rigveda kantun kawacen miwah kasuarang ring sajeroning upacara agami Hindu, silih tunggilne inggih punika Mantra Gayatri (saking Rigveda Mandala 3.62.10). Puniki ngawinang Rigveda pinaka silih tunggil teks kapercayan pinih tua ring dunia sane kantun miwah lestari kaanggen kauripan sarileme.

Pustaka

Bibliograpi

Edisi

• The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India. 1–3. Katerjemahang olih Stephanie W. Jamison; Joel P. Brereton. New York: Oxford University Press. 2014. ISBN 978-0-19-937018-4.
  • Stephanie W. Jamison (tr.); Joel P. Brereton (tr.) (2014). The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India. 3-volume set. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-937018-4. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 7 September 2023. Kaaksés 6 October 2019.
  • Stephanie W. Jamison (tr.); Joel P. Brereton (tr.) (2014a). The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India. 1. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-972078-1.
• editio princeps: Friedrich Max Müller, The Hymns of the Rigveda, with Sayana's commentary, London, 1849–75, 6 vols., 2nd ed. 4 vols., Oxford, 1890–92.
• Theodor Aufrecht, 2nd ed., Bonn, 1877.
• Sontakke, N. S. (1933). Rgveda-Samhitā: Śrimat-Sāyanāchārya virachita-bhāṣya-sametā. Sāyanachārya (commentary) (édisi ka-First). Vaidika Samśodhana Maṇḍala.. The editorial board for the First Edition included N. S. Sontakke (Managing Editor), V. K. Rājvade, M. M. Vāsudevaśāstri, and T. S. Varadarājaśarmā.
• B. van Nooten und G. Holland, Rig Veda, a metrically restored text, Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England, 1994.
• Rgveda-Samhita, Text in Devanagari, English translation Notes and indices by H. H. Wilson, Ed. W. F. Webster, originally in 1888, Published Nag Publishers 1990, 11A/U.A. Jawaharnagar, Delhi-7.

Komentar

• Sayana (14th century)
  • ed. Müller 1849–75 (German translation);
  • ed. Müller (original commentary of Sāyana in Sanskrit based on 24 manuscripts).
  • ed. Sontakke et al., published by Vaidika Samsodhana Mandala, Pune (2nd ed. 1972) in 5 volumes.
• Rgveda-Samhitā Srimat-sāyanāchārya virachita-bhāṣya-sametā, ed. by Sontakke et al., published by Vaidika Samśodhana Mandala, Pune-9, 1972, in 5 volumes (It is original commentary of Sāyana in Sanskrit based on over 60 manuscripts).
• Sri Aurobindo (1998), The Secret of veda (PDF), Sri Aurobindo Ashram press, kaarsipin (PDF) saking versi asli tanggal 22 September 2020, kaaksés 27 July 2020
• Sri Aurobindo, Hymns to the Mystic Fire (Commentary on the Rig Veda), Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-914955-22-5 Rig Veda – Hymns to the Mystic Fire – Sri Aurobindo – INDEX Archived 6 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
• Raimundo Pannikar (1972), The Vedic Experience, University of California Press

Filologi

• Harold G. Coward (1990). The Philosophy of the Grammarians, in Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies Volume 5 (Editor: Karl Potter). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-81-208-0426-5.
• Vashishtha Narayan Jha, A Linguistic Analysis of the Rgveda-Padapatha Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi (1992).
• Bjorn Merker, Rig Veda Riddles In Nomad Perspective, Mongolian Studies, Journal of the Mongolian Society XI, 1988.
• Oberlies, Thomas (1998). Die Religion des Rgveda. Wien: Institut für Indologie der Universität Wien.
• Oldenberg, Hermann (1894). Hymnen des Rigveda. 1. Teil: Metrische und textgeschichtliche Prolegomena. Berlin 1888. (please add), Wiesbaden 1982.
• —Die Religion des Veda. Berlin 1894; Stuttgart 1917; Stuttgart 1927; Darmstadt 1977
• —Vedic Hymns, The Sacred Books of the East Vol l. 46 ed. Friedrich Max Müller, Oxford 1897
• Adolf Kaegi, The Rigveda: The Oldest Literature of the Indians (trans. R. Arrowsmith), Boston, Ginn and Co. (1886), 2004 reprint: ISBN 978-1-4179-8205-9.
• Mallory, J.P.; et al. (1989). Indo-Iranian Languages in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. Fitzroy Dearborn (kawedar 1997).

Sejarah

• Anthony, David W. (2007), The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World, Princeton University Press
• Avari, Burjor (2007), India: The Ancient Past, London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-35616-9
• Bryant, Edwin (2001). The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513777-4.
• Dwyer, Rachel (2013), What Do Hindus Believe?, Granta Books, ISBN 978-1-84708-940-3
• Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
• George Erdosy (1995). The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-014447-5.
• Hexam, Irving (2011), Understanding World Religions: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, ISBN 978-0-310-31448-6
• Gregory Possehl; Michael Witzel (2002). "Vedic". Ring Peter N. Peregrine; Melvin Ember (eds.). Encyclopedia of Prehistory. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4684-7135-9.
• Lal, B.B. 2005. The Homeland of the Aryans. Evidence of Rigvedic Flora and Fauna & Archaeology, New Delhi, Aryan Books International.
• Talageri, Shrikant: The Rigveda: A Historical Analysis, 2000. ISBN 81-7742-010-0
• Witzel, Michael (1995), "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF), EJVS, 1 (4), kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal 20 February 2012
• Witzel, Michael (1997), "The Development of the Vedic Canon and its Schools: The Social and Political Milieu" (PDF), ring Michael Witzel (ed.), Inside the Texts, Beyond the Texts: New Approaches to the Study of the Vedas, Harvard Oriental Series, Opera Minora, 2, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 257–348, kaarsipin (PDF) saking versi asli tanggal 4 August 2020, kaaksés 22 September 2015
• Witzel, Michael (2003). "Vedas and Upanisads". Ring Flood, Gavin (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-631-21535-6.
• Witzel, Michael (2019). "Beyond the Flight of the Falcon". Ring Thapar, Romila (ed.). Which of Us are Aryans?: Rethinking the Concept of Our Origins. Aleph. ISBN 978-93-88292-38-2.
• Wood, Michael (2007), The Story of India Hardcover, BBC Worldwide, ISBN 978-0-563-53915-5

Pranala jaba

Text

Indik links to translations, cingak § Translations.

• The Rig Veda The complete Rig Veda in English translation at holybooks.com
• Devanagari and transliteration experimental online text at: sacred-texts.com
• ITRANS, Devanagari, transliteration online text and PDF, several versions prepared by Detlef Eichler
• Transliteration, metrically restored Archived 4 Maret 2016 at the Wayback Machine online text, at: Linguistics Research Center, Univ. of Texas
• The Hymns of the Rigveda, Editio Princeps by Friedrich Max Müller (large PDF files of book scans). Two editions: London, 1877 (Samhita and Pada texts) and Oxford, 1890–92, with Sayana's commentary.
• Mal:Internet Archive author
• VedaWeb Archived 2026-01-16 at the Wayback Machine, online text of Rigveda with multiple translations and morphological glossing

Kamus

• Rigvedic Dictionary by Hermann Grassmann (online database, uni-koeln.de)