Kekerasan ring anak istri

Kekerasan ring anak istri inggih punika silih tunggil kekerasan berbasis génder sané kantun wénten ring gumi.^[1] Manut ring lelintihannyané, perjuangan anak istri ngrereh keseteraan génder sampun wénten duk nguni. Idéologi patriarki minakadi silih tunggil faktor sané ngawinang kekerasan ring anak istri kantun wénten kantos mangkin. Konsép patriarki maosang, kawéntenan anak istri wantah subordinat yéning kasandingang antuk genah sosial anak lanang sané superior. Kekerasan sakadi punika satata kaprecaya pinaka silih sinunggil soroh kejahatan sané ngawinang sangkala,^[2] utaminnyané santukan akéhan korbannyané anak istri, tur parilaksanané puniki mabinayan pisan.

Peta jagat sané nyihnayang séda per 100.000 populasi sané kamargiang majeng anak istri, 2019.

Manut ring Perméndikbudristék Nomor 46 Tahun 2023 unduk Pencegahan miwah Penanganan Kekerasan ring Wewengkon Satuan Pendidikan, kekerasan kapah dados kekerasan psikis, kekerasan fisik, perundungan, kekerasan seksual diskriminasi miwah kebijakan sané madaging kekerasan.^[3] Asapunika taler manut ring Catatan Tahunan (Catahu) Komnas Perempuan, kocap wénten 289.111 kasus kekerasan majeng anak istri ring warsa 2023. Ring makudang-kudang kasus, korban ketahnyane mayusa alitan utawi kantun kasoran ring pendidikan. Kawéntenan kekerasan ring anak istri kocap sayan nincap kantos 44% lan 176% ring wewidangan negara.^[4]

Kekerasan nenten ja wantah tanggung jawab LSM utawi pemerintah kémanten. Nika mawinan peran kramané sareng sami mabuat pisan antuk ngicalang kawéntenan kekerasan puniki.

Pustaka[uah | uah wit]

↑ Russo, Nancy Felipe; Pirlott, Angela (November 2006). "Gender-based violence: concepts, methods, and findings". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Taylor and Francis and Oxfam. 1087 (Violence and Exploitation Against Women and Girls): 178–205. Bibcode:2006NYASA1087..178R. doi:10.1196/annals.1385.024. PMID 17189506.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
↑
Citations:
- Angelari, Marguerite (1997). "Hate crime statutes: a promising tool for fighting violence against women". Ring Maschke, Karen J. (ed.). Pornography, sex work, and hate speech. New York: Taylor and Francis. pp. 405–448. ISBN 9780815325208.
- Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2013). "The hate debate: constitutional and policy problems". Ring Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (ed.). Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. p. 58. ISBN 9781452256627.
- McPhail, Beverly (2003). "Gender-bias hate crimes: a review". Ring Perry, Barbara (ed.). Hate and bias crime: a reader. New York: Routledge. p. 271. ISBN 9780415944076.
↑ "Definisi dan Bentuk Kekerasan". 6 (enam) bentuk kekerasan yang didefinisikan dalam Permendikbudristek Nomor 46 Tahun 2023 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan di Lingkungan Satuan Pendidikan. 2024. Kaaksés 17 Maret 2024.
↑ "Siaran Pers". Komnas Perempuan | Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan (ring Inggris). Kaaksés 2024-03-17.

Pustaka liyanan[uah | uah wit]

Almosaed, Nora (2004). "Violence against women: a cross‐cultural perspective". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. Taylor and Francis. 24 (1): 67–88. doi:10.1080/1360200042000212124.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Appiah, Kwame Anthony (21 September 2010). "Convincing other cultures to change". Big Think. Kaarsipin saking versi asli ring 12 December 2013. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Bellemare, Marc F.; Steinmetz, Tara L. (17 June 2013). "All in the family: explaining the persistence of female genital cutting in the Gambia". Social Science Research Network. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2280086. SSRN 2280086.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Pdf.
Dobash, Russell P.; Dobash, R. Emerson (2016). Women, violence and social change. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 9781138174023.
Durham, Meenakshi G. (February 2013). ""Vicious Assault Shakes Texas Town": the politics of gender violence in The New York Times' coverage of a schoolgirl's gang rape". Journalism Studies. Taylor & Francis. 14 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.657907.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Heise, Lori L.; Pitanguy, Jacqueline; Germain, Adrienne (1994). Violence against women: the hidden health burden. Washington, D.C: World Bank. ISBN 9780821329801. Discussion Paper No. 255
James, Stanlie M. (Summer 1998). "Shades of othering: reflections on female circumcision/genital mutilation". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. University of Chicago Press. 23 (4): 1031–1048. doi:10.1086/495300. JSTOR 3175202.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Jones, Helen; Diop, Nafissatou; Askew, Ian; Kaboré, Inoussa (September 1999). "Female genital cutting practices in Burkina Faso and Mali and their negative health outcomes". Studies in Family Planning. Wiley. 30 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.1999.00219.x. PMID 10546313. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Jones, Wanda K.; Smith, Jack; Kieke, Jr., Burney; Wilcox, Lynne (September 1997). "Female genital mutilation/female circumcision: who is at risk in the US?". Public Health Reports. 112 (5): 368–377. PMC 1381943. PMID 9323387. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Pdf.
Kelly, Liz (December 2005). "Inside outsiders: Mainstreaming violence against women into human rights discourse and practice". International Feminist Journal of Politics. Taylor and Francis. 7 (4): 471–495. doi:10.1080/14616740500284391.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Mackie, Gerry (June 2003). "Female genital cutting: a harmless practice?". Medical Anthropology Quarterly. Wiley on behalf of the American Anthropological Association. 17 (2): 135–158. doi:10.1525/maq.2003.17.2.135. JSTOR 3655332.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Pdf. Archived 2013-05-09 at the Wayback Machine
Shell-Duncan, Bettina; Herniund, Yiva (August 2006). "Are there "Stages of Change" in the practice of female genital cutting?: Qualitative research findings from Senegal and The Gambia". African Journal of Reproductive Health [La Revue Africaine de la Santé Reproductive]. Women's Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC). 10 (2): 57–71. doi:10.2307/30032459. JSTOR 30032459.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Skaine, Rosemarie (2005). Female genital mutilation: legal, cultural, and medical issues. Jefferson, North Caroline: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 9780786421671.
Wagner, Natascha (March 2013). Why female genital cutting persist? (PDF). Working Paper. University of Rotterdam. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2022-05-03. Kaaksés 2020-02-01. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
True, Jacqui (2012). The political economy of violence against women. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199755912.
Wakabi, Wairagala (31 March 2007). "Africa battles to make female genital mutilation history". The Lancet. Elsevier. 369 (9567): 1069–1070. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60508-X. PMID 17405200.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Williams, Lindy; Sobieszczyk, Teresa (November 1997). "Attitudes surrounding the continuation of female circumcision in the Sudan: passing the tradition to the next generation". Journal of Marriage and Family. Wiley. 59 (4): 966–981. doi:10.2307/353796. JSTOR 353796.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Pranala jaba[uah | uah wit]

Kekerasan ring anak istri ring Curlie
Violence against women, a factsheet on ECtHR case law
Virtual Knowledge Centre to End Violence against Women and Girls (in English, French, and Spanish)
UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
World Health Organization's reports on FGM, Health complications of female genital mutilation

[1] Russo, Nancy Felipe; Pirlott, Angela (November 2006). "Gender-based violence: concepts, methods, and findings". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Taylor and Francis and Oxfam. 1087 (Violence and Exploitation Against Women and Girls): 178–205. Bibcode:2006NYASA1087..178R. doi:10.1196/annals.1385.024. PMID 17189506.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

[2] Citations:
Angelari, Marguerite (1997). "Hate crime statutes: a promising tool for fighting violence against women". Ring Maschke, Karen J. (ed.). Pornography, sex work, and hate speech. New York: Taylor and Francis. pp. 405–448. ISBN 9780815325208.

Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2013). "The hate debate: constitutional and policy problems". Ring Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (ed.). Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. p. 58. ISBN 9781452256627.

McPhail, Beverly (2003). "Gender-bias hate crimes: a review". Ring Perry, Barbara (ed.). Hate and bias crime: a reader. New York: Routledge. p. 271. ISBN 9780415944076.

[3] Angelari, Marguerite (1997). "Hate crime statutes: a promising tool for fighting violence against women". Ring Maschke, Karen J. (ed.). Pornography, sex work, and hate speech. New York: Taylor and Francis. pp. 405–448. ISBN 9780815325208.

[4] Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2013). "The hate debate: constitutional and policy problems". Ring Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (ed.). Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. p. 58. ISBN 9781452256627.

[5] McPhail, Beverly (2003). "Gender-bias hate crimes: a review". Ring Perry, Barbara (ed.). Hate and bias crime: a reader. New York: Routledge. p. 271. ISBN 9780415944076.

[3] "Definisi dan Bentuk Kekerasan". 6 (enam) bentuk kekerasan yang didefinisikan dalam Permendikbudristek Nomor 46 Tahun 2023 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan di Lingkungan Satuan Pendidikan. 2024. Kaaksés 17 Maret 2024.

[4] "Siaran Pers". Komnas Perempuan | Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan (ring Inggris). Kaaksés 2024-03-17.

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