Cebur nuju daging

Gesing

Saking Wikipédia


Bambu
Periode 55–0 Ma
Eosen Awal – Sekarang
(paling awal pada Kapur Akhir)
Bambusoideae Uah nilai ring Wikidata

Hutan bambu di Kyoto, Jepang
Data (id) Pangalihan Basa
Sumber daribambu (id) Pangalihan Basa miwah bamboo economy (en) Pangalihan Basa Uah nilai ring Wikidata
Taksonomi
superdomainBiota
superdomainCytota
domainEukaryota
krajanPlantae
divisiTracheophytes
subdivisiSpermatophytes
KladAngiosperms
Kladmonocots
Kladcommelinids
ordoPoales
kaluwargaPoaceae
SubkaluwargaBambusoideae Uah nilai ring Wikidata
Luerss. Uah nilai ring Wikidata, 1893 Uah nilai ring Wikidata
Diversitas (id) Pangalihan Basa
>1,462 (spesies diidentifikasi) spesies dalam 115 genera
Tata aran
Sinonim takson (id) Pangalihan Basa
Tribus
Distribusi

Uah nilai ring Wikidata
Wit gesing sane wenten ring Kyoto, Jepang.

Gesing utawi Tiing [3]punika makudang-kudang soroh entik-entikan sané mabunga abadi sané katahan hijau sané ngwangun subfamili Bambusoideae saking kulawarga padang Poaceae. [4] [5] [6] Bambu raksasa inggih punika anggota kulawarga padang sane pinih ageng, ring kasus Dendrocalamus sinicus madue batang soang-soang (culms) sane panjangnyane ngantos 46 méter (151 ft), ngantos 36 centiméter (14 in) ring ketebelan lan bobotnyane ngantos 450 kilogram (1,000 pon) . [7] Internode bambu taler prasida panjangnyane ageng. Kinabaluchloa wrayi madue antarsimpul sane tegehnyane ngantos 2.5 méter (8 ft) ring panjangnyane. [8] lan Artrostilidium schomburgkii madue antarsimpul sane tegehnyane ngantos 5 méter (16 ft) ring panjangnyane, [9] nglintangin ring panjangnyane wantah olih papirus . Semaliha, tangkai bambu alit Raddiella vanessiae saking savana Guyana Prancis wantah maukuran 10–20 milliméter (0.4–0.8 in) panjangnyane sawatara 2 milliméter (0.08 in) ring linggahnyane. [10] Wit kruna "bambu" nenten pastika, nanging minab mawit saking basa Belanda utawi Portugis, sane pangawitnyane nyilih saking basa Melayu utawi Kannada. [6] [11] [12]

Ring bambu, sekadi ring padang tiosan, genah internodal batang katahan bolong miwah ikat pembuluh darah ring penampang masebar ring makasami dinding tangkai gumanti ring lapisan kambium silindris pantaraning kulit kayu (floem) miwah kayu (xilem) sekadi ring dikotil miwah runjung Xilem kayu dikotiledon taler nenten wenten. Tan wentennyane kayu sane mentik sekunder ngawinang batang monokotil, rumasuk telapak tangan lan bambu sane ageng, dados kolom ketimbang lancip. [13]

Bambu ngranjing ring makudang-kudang entik-entikan sane pinih gelis mentik ring jagate, [14] santukan sistem sane unik sane gumantung ring rimpang. Spesies bambu sane sampun katentuang prasida mentik 91 centiméter (36 inci) ring periode 24 jam, antuk kecepatan sane meh-mehan40 milliméter (1.6 in) ajam (pateh sareng 1 mm (0.04 in) nyabran 90 detik). [15] Panglimbaknyane ngantos 120 centiméter (47.2 in) ring 24 jam sampun kacingak ring conto bambu kayu raksasa Jepang ( Phyllostachys bambusoides ). [16] Panglimbak sane gelis puniki lan toleransi majeng ring tanah marginal, ngawinang bambu dados kandidat sane becik anggen pengahutan, penyerapan karbon lan mitigasi perubahan iklim. [17] [18] [19]

Bambu serbaguna lan madue signifikansi ekonomi lan budaya sane kasub ring Asia Selatan, Asia Tenggara, lan Asia Timur, kaanggen bahan wangunan, pinaka sumber ajeng-ajengan, lan pinaka produk mentah, lan sering kagambarang ring seni, sekadi ring lukisan bambu lan pakaryan bambu. Bambu, sakadi kayu, inggih punika bahan komposit alami antuk rasio kekuatan-ke-bobot sane tegeh sane mawiguna antuk struktur. [20] Rasio kekuatan-ke-bobot bambu mesib sareng kayu, lan kekuatannyane umumnyane mesib sareng kayu alus utawi kayu keras sane kuat. [21] [22] Makudang-kudang spesies bambu sampun nyihnayang kekuatan sane luar biasa ring kondisi uji. Bambusa tulda saking Bangladesh lan India sane nampek sampun kauji kantos 60.000 psi (400 MPa) ring kekuatan tarik. [23] Spesies bambu sane lianan makarya bahan sane keras sane luar biasa. Bambusa tabacaria saking Cina madaging silika sane akeh pisan mawinan pacang ngawetuang percikan api yening keni kapak. [24]

Cingak taler

[uah | uah wit]

Pustaka

[uah | uah wit]
  1. ↑ Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Judziewicz, Emmet J.; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.; Davis, Jerrold I.; Morrone, Osvaldo (2015). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (2): 117–137. doi:10.1111/jse.12150. ISSN 1674-4918. S2CID 84052108. Mal:Open access
  2. ↑ Pikobet nganggit: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Kelchner2013
  3. ↑ "Tiing". BASAbaliWiki (ring Inggris). 2022-11-19. Kaaksés 2025-06-15.
  4. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  5. ↑ Canavan, Susan; Richardson, David M.; Visser, Vernon; Roux, Johannes J. Le; Vorontsova, Maria S.; Wilson, John R. U. (2016-12-23). "The global distribution of bamboos: assessing correlates of introduction and invasion". AoB Plants. 9 (1): plw078. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plw078. ISSN 2041-2851. PMC 5499700. PMID 28013249.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Ayer, Santosh; Timilsina, Sachin; Aryal, Anisha; Acharya, Amul Kumar; Neupane, Asmit; Bhatta, Kishor Prasad (2023-08-01). "Bamboo forests in Nepal: Status, distribution, research trends and contribution to local livelihoods". Advances in Bamboo Science. 4: 100027. Bibcode:2023AdBS....400027A. doi:10.1016/j.bamboo.2023.100027. ISSN 2773-1391.
  7. ↑ "World's Biggest Bamboo Plant Found in Southwest China". Forest Conservation Portal. August 28, 2003. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2003-11-10. Kaaksés April 4, 2004.
  8. ↑ <anonymous> (n.d.). "Bamboos of Thailand - Kinabaluchloa wrayi". Kaaksés February 24, 2015.
  9. ↑ Schombergk, Sir Robert H. (1841). "Some Accounts of the Curata....etc". Trans. Linnean Soc. London. 18 (<not stated>): 559–560.
  10. ↑ Judziewicz, Emmit J.; Sepsenwol, Sol (2007). "The World's Smallest Bamboo: Raddiella Vanessiae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a New Species from French Guiana". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 1 (1): 1–7.
  11. ↑ Kelchner, Scot A. (2013-05-01). "Higher level phylogenetic relationships within the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) based on five plastid markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 67 (2): 404–413. Bibcode:2013MolPE..67..404K. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.005. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 23454093.
  12. ↑ Mal:Cite OED
  13. ↑ Wilson, C.L.; Loomis, W.E. Botany (édisi ka-3rd). Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  14. ↑ Farrelly, David (1984). The Book of Bamboo. Sierra Club Books. ISBN 978-0-87156-825-0.
  15. ↑ "Fastest growing plant". Guinness World Records. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 3 September 2014. Kaaksés 22 August 2014. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  16. ↑ Austin, Robert; Ueda, Koishiro (1970). Bamboo. New York: Walker/Weatherhill. p. 193.
  17. ↑ Singh, Lal; Sridharan, Srinidhi; Thul, Sanjog T.; Kokate, Piyush; Kumar, Phani; Kumar, Sunil; Kumar, Rakesh (2020-11-01). "Eco-rejuvenation of degraded land by microbe assisted bamboo plantation". Industrial Crops and Products. 155: 112795. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112795. ISSN 0926-6690.
  18. ↑ Masisi, Bhoke; Zabel, Astrid; Blaser, Jürgen; Augustino, Suzana (2022-12-01). "Fighting climate change with bamboo in Africa: The case of Kyela, Rungwe and Mufindi districts – Tanzania". Advances in Bamboo Science. 1: 100009. Bibcode:2022AdBS....100009M. doi:10.1016/j.bamboo.2022.100009. ISSN 2773-1391.
  19. ↑ Kumar, Raushan; Thangaraju, Mohan Manu; Kumar, Manoj; Thul, Sanjog Tarachand; Pandey, Vimal Chandra; Yadav, Swati; Singh, Lal; Kumar, Sunil (2021-07-01). "Ecological restoration of coal fly ash–dumped area through bamboo plantation". Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ring Inggris). 28 (25): 33416–33432. Bibcode:2021ESPR...2833416K. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12995-7. ISSN 1614-7499. PMID 33641101 Check |pmid= value (help).
  20. ↑ Lakkad; Patel (June 1981). "Mechanical properties of bamboo, a natural composite". Fibre Science and Technology. 14 (4): 319–322. doi:10.1016/0015-0568(81)90023-3.
  21. ↑ Kaminski, S.; Lawrence, A.; Trujillo, D. (2016). "Structural use of bamboo. Part 1: Introduction to bamboo" (PDF). The Structural Engineer. 94 (8): 40–43. doi:10.56330/PNSC8891 Check |doi= value (help).
  22. ↑ Kaminski, S.; Lawrence, A.; Trujillo, D.; Feltham, I.; Felipe López, L. (2016). "Structural use of bamboo. Part 3: Design values" (PDF). The Structural Engineer. 94 (12): 42–45. doi:10.56330/JCLL5610 Check |doi= value (help).
  23. ↑ McClure, Floyd A. (1948). 1948 Yearbook of Agriculture - Grasses. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture. p. 738.
  24. ↑ Farrelly, David (1984). The Book of Bamboo. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. p. 143.
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