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Takhayul

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Takhayul inggih punika kapercayaan utawi praktik napi manten sane kaanggep olih non-praktisi dados irasional utawi supranatural, sane kaiket sareng nasib utawi sihir, pengaruh supranatural sane karasayang, utawi takut sareng napi sane nenten kauningin. Ketahnyane kaanggen ring kapercayaan lan praktik sane ngiterin rejeki, jimat, astrologi, ramalan, roh, lan entitas paranormal tertentu, utamanyane kapercayaan indik peristiwa sane jagi rauh prasida karamalang olih peristiwa sadurungnyane sane nenten mapaiketan. [1] [2]

Kruna takhayul taler kaanggen nujuang agama sane nenten kalaksanayang olih mayoritas masyarakat tertentu nenten ngelidin napike agama sane wenten madaging dugaan takhayul utawi majeng ring makasami agama olih anti-agama. [3]

Kawigunan kontemporer

[uah | uah wit]

Definisi saking istilah punika mabinayan, sakéwanten ipun katahnyané nyihnayang takhayul pinaka kapercayaan irasional sané matungkasan sareng kawruhan ilmiah ring jagaté. Stuart Vyse ngusulang indik takhayul "mekanisme tindakan sané katarka nénten konsisten sareng pangresepan iraga indik jagat fisik", antuk Jane Risen ngawewehin indik kapercayaan puniki nénten wantah iwang ring ilmiah kémanten sakéwanten nénten prasida. [4] [5] Asapunika taler, Lysann Damisch ngedefinisiang takhayul pinaka kapercayaan irasional indik objek, parilaksana, utawi kahanan sané nénten mapaiketan sareng pamargin parindikan punika ngiusin pikolihnyané. [6] [7] Dale Martin maosang ipun "narka pangresep sané iwang indik panyangkan miwah akibat, sané sampun katulak olih sains modern." [8] Kamus Inggris Oxford [9] nlatarang ipun pinaka "irasional, nénten madasar", Merriam-Webster pinaka "konsepsi sané iwang indik kausalitas utawi kapercayaan utawi praktik", [10] miwah Kamus Cambridge pinaka "sans madasar ring akal manusa utawi kaweruhan ilmiah". [11] Pamineh indik praktik takhayul puniki nenten mapaiketan kausal sareng pikolih. [12]

Vyse lan Martin mapikayun indik napi sane kaanggep takhayul mabinayan manut budaya lan galah. Manut Vyse, yéning budaya durung ngambil sains pinaka standarnyané, raris napi sané kasengguh tenung utawi takhayul pinih patut inggih punika sains utawi agama lokal." [13] Dale nyinahang indik takhayul sering kaanggep nenten ring genahnyane ring masa modern lan kaiusin olih ilmu pengetahuan modern lan gagasannyane indik napi sane rasional utawi irasional, bertahan dados sisa-sisa kepercayaan lan praktik populer sane sampun sue. [14]

Vyse ngusulang indik tiosan ring irasional miwah gumantung ring budaya, takhayul mangda dados instrumen; efek sane sujati kaaptiang olih jadma sane ngambel kapercayaan, sakadi nincapang peluang ngamolihang hadiah. Pabinayan puniki nenten ngranjing praktik ring dija pamilet wantah ngaptiang mangda kaibur. [15]

Lis pustaka

[uah | uah wit]
  1. ↑ Vyse, Stuart A. (2000). Believing in Magic: The Psychology of Superstition. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 19–22. ISBN 978-0-1951-3634-0.
  2. ↑ Chardonnens, L. S. (2007). Chapter Four. Superstition and prognostication (ring Inggris). Brill. ISBN 978-90-474-2042-2. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 18 January 2021. Kaaksés 28 December 2020.
  3. ↑ Vyse, Stuart A. (2000). Believing in Magic: The Psychology of Superstition. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 19–22. ISBN 978-0-1951-3634-0.
  4. ↑ Vyse, Stuart (2020). Superstition: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198819257.
  5. ↑ Risen, Jane L. (2016). "Believing what we do not believe: Acquiescence to superstitious beliefs and other powerful intuitions". Psychological Review. 123 (2): 182–207. doi:10.1037/rev0000017. PMID 26479707.
  6. ↑ Damisch, Lysann; Stoberock, Barbara; Mussweiler, Thomas (1 July 2010). "Keep Your Fingers Crossed!: How Superstition Improves Performance". Psychological Science (ring Inggris). 21 (7): 1014–1020. doi:10.1177/0956797610372631. ISSN 0956-7976. PMID 20511389.
  7. ↑ Tosyali, Furkan; Aktas, Busra (1 December 2021). "Does training analytical thinking decrease superstitious beliefs? Relationship between analytical thinking, intrinsic religiosity, and superstitious beliefs". Personality and Individual Differences (ring Inggris). 183: 111122. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111122. ISSN 0191-8869.
  8. ↑ Martin, Dale B. (2009). Inventing Superstition (ring Inggris). Harvard University Press. pp. 10–20. ISBN 978-0-674-04069-4.
  9. ↑ "superstition, n." OED Online (ring Inggris). Oxford University Press. September 2021. Kaaksés 28 November 2021. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ↑ "Definition of SUPERSTITION". www.merriam-webster.com (ring Inggris). Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 7 October 2008. Kaaksés 30 December 2020.
  11. ↑ "Superstition meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary". dictionary.cambridge.org (ring Inggris). Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 8 November 2018. Kaaksés 30 December 2020.
  12. ↑ Carlson, Brad D.; Mowen, John C.; Fang, Xiang (2009). "Trait superstition and consumer behavior: Re-conceptualization, measurement, and initial investigations". Psychology & Marketing (ring Inggris). 26 (8): 691 of 689–713. doi:10.1002/mar.20295. ISSN 1520-6793. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 18 January 2021. Kaaksés 3 January 2021.
  13. ↑ Vyse, Stuart (2020). Superstition: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198819257.
  14. ↑ "Definition of SUPERSTITION". www.merriam-webster.com (ring Inggris). Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 7 October 2008. Kaaksés 30 December 2020.
  15. ↑ Vyse, Stuart (2020). Superstition: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198819257.
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