Sauropoda
Sauropoda (/sɔːˈrɒpədə/), sané anggotané kaloktah dados sauropod (/ˈsɔːrəpɒdz/;[1][2] saking sauro- + -pod, 'kadal-mabatis'), inggih punika klad saking dinosaurus saurischia ('kadal-bokongan'). Sauropoda madué leher sané dawa pisan, ikuh sané dawa, sirah sané alit (relatif ring angganyané sané tiosan), miwah petang batis sané tebel, sekadi saka. Ipun kasub santukan ageng pisan sané kapolihang olih makudang-kudang spésiés, miwah sekaa punika ngranjing buron sané pinih ageng sané naenin maurip ring darat. Sané sampun kaloktah génera minakadi Apatosaurus, Argentinosaurus, Alamosaurus, Brachiosaurus, Camarasaurus, Diplodocus, lan Mamenchisaurus.[3][4]
Dinosaurus sauropoda pinih purwa sané kauningin maasal saking Pamahbah Jurasik.[5] Isanosaurus lan Antetonitrus pamahbahné kagambarang dados sauropoda Triasik,[6][7] nanging yusannyané, lan ring kasus Antetonitrus taler status sauropodané, salanturné katakénin.[8][5][9] Sakéwanten, trek sauropodomorf sekadi sauropod saking Formasi Fjord Fleming (Greenlandia) minab nyihnayang kawéntenan sekaa ring Trias Ungkur.[5] Daweg Ungkur Jurassik (150 yuta warsa riin), sauropoda sampun sayan nglimbak (utaminnyané Diplodocidae miwah Brachiosauridae). Ring Kapur Ungkur, asiki sekaa sauropoda, titanosaurus, sampun ngentosin makasami sané tiosan miwah madué pasebaran sané nampek ring jagaté. Sakéwanten, sekadi dinosaurus ten-kedis tiosan sané kantun maurip duk punika, titanosaurus padem ring paristiwa kapunahan Kapur-Paleogen. Fosil sisa-sisa sauropoda sampun kapanggihin ring sajebag banua, taler Antartika.[10][11][12][13]
Parinama Sauropoda karipta olih Othniel Charles Marsh duk warsa 1878, lan maasal saking Yunani Purwa, sané maartos "batis kadal".[14] Sauropoda inggih punika silih tunggil sekaa dinosaurus sané pinih kauningin, miwah sampun dados pajengkepan ring budaya kasub santukan ukurannyané sané ngresepang.
Pacundukan fosil sauropod sane jangkep arang pisan kapanggihin. Akéh spésiés, utaminnyané sané pinih ageng, wantah kauningin saking balung sané kaisolasi miwah disartikulasi. Akeh spésimén sané sampun nampek jangkep kirang sirah, muncuk ikuh lan anggota awak liyanan.
- ↑ Mal:MerriamWebsterDictionary
- ↑ Mal:Dictionary.com
- ↑ Tschopp, E.; Mateus, O.; Benson, R. B. J. (2015). "A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)". PeerJ. 3: e857. doi:10.7717/peerj.857. PMC 4393826. PMID 25870766.
- ↑ blogs.scientificamerican.com tetrapod-zoology 2015-04-24 That Brontosaurus Thing
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Jens N. Lallensack; Hendrik Klein; Jesper Milàn; Oliver Wings; Octávio Mateus; Lars B. Clemmensen (2017). "Sauropodomorph dinosaur trackways from the Fleming Fjord Formation of East Greenland: Evidence for Late Triassic sauropods". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 62 (4): 833–843. doi:10.4202/app.00374.2017. hdl:10362/33146.
- ↑ Eric Buffetaut; Varavudh Suteethorn; Gilles Cuny; Haiyan Tong; Jean Le Loeuff; Sasidhorn Khansubha; Sutee Jongautchariyakul (2000). "The earliest known sauropod dinosaur". Nature. 407 (6800): 72–74. Bibcode:2000Natur.407...72B. doi:10.1038/35024060. PMID 10993074. S2CID 4387776.
- ↑ Adam M. Yates; James W. Kitching (2003). "The earliest known sauropod dinosaur and the first steps towards sauropod locomotion". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1525): 1753–1758. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2417. PMC 1691423. PMID 12965005.
- ↑ Blair W. McPhee; Adam M. Yates; Jonah N. Choiniere; Fernando Abdala (2014). "The complete anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Antetonitrus ingenipes (Sauropodiformes, Dinosauria): implications for the origins of Sauropoda". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (1): 151–205. doi:10.1111/zoj.12127. S2CID 82631097.
- ↑ Blair W. Mcphee; Emese M. Bordy; Lara Sciscio; Jonah N. Choiniere (2017). "The sauropodomorph biostratigraphy of the Elliot Formation of southern Africa: Tracking the evolution of Sauropodomorpha across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 62 (3): 441–465. doi:10.4202/app.00377.2017.
- ↑ Fernando E. Novas (2009). The Age of Dinosaurs in South America. Indiana University Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-253-35289-7.
- ↑ Oklahoma Geology Notes. Oklahoma Geological Survey. 2003. p. 40.
- ↑ Beau Riffenburgh (2007). Encyclopedia of the Antarctic. Taylor & Francis. p. 415. ISBN 978-0-415-97024-2.
- ↑ J. J. Alistair Crame; Geological Society of London (1989). Origins and Evolution of the Antarctic Biota. Geological Society. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-903317-44-3.
- ↑ Marsh, O.C. (1878). "Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part I"". American Journal of Science and Arts. 16 (95): 411–416. doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-16.95.411. hdl:2027/hvd.32044107172876. S2CID 219245525.