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Rāja yoga

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Ring teks-teks Sansekerta, Raja yoga ( /ˈrɑːdʒə ˈjoʊɡə/ ) punika maka kalih tatujon yoga miwah tata cara mangda prasida ngamolihang. Istilah puniki salanturnyane kaambil dados label modern antuk praktik yoga [1] [2] ring abad ka-19 ritatkala Swami Vivekananda ngicenin penafsirannyane indik Yoga Sutra Patanjali ring bukunyane Raja Yoga . [3] Ngawit saking punika, yoga Raja sampun mabinayan kasengguh yoga ashṭāṅga, yoga kerajaan, persatuan kerajaan, sahja marg, lan yoga klasik. [4]

Etimologi miwah kawigunannyané

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Raja (Sansekerta: raja) mateges raja, sang makuasa, pamucuk, pinih becik utawi pinih becik saking sorohnyané. [5]

Kawigunan sejarah istilah Raja yoga kapanggihin ring konteks sane lianan, cukup mabinayan sareng kawigunan modernnyane. . Ring teks Sansekerta kuno miwah abad pertengahan, punika maartos kahanan praktik yoga sané pinih tegeh (silih tunggil sané nyujur samādhi ). [2]

Hatha Yoga Pradipika (abad ka-15) umpaminyane, sane kakawi olih Swatmarama, ngaturang Hatha Yoga pinaka praktik persiapan lan pelengkap sane nuju kahanan Raja Yoga:

Kasuksesan ring Raja Yoga nenten prasida kapolihang yening nenten wenten Hatha Yoga, taler kasuksesan ring Hatha Yoga nenten prasida kapolihang yening nenten wenten Raja Yoga. Duaning asapunika makakalih patut kamargiang kantos paripurna kapolihang. (2,76)

Raja Yoga punika kategesang ring sajeroning teks inggih punika:

Panunggalan Idep lan Atma punika sane kabaos Raja Yoga. (4,77)

Pangawi taler ngaptiang mangda nenten eksklusif ngandelang praktik fisik:

Sang sane tan uning ring Raja Yoga tur wantah ngamargiang Hatha Yoga, nglebur tenaganyane tan mapikolih. (4,79)

Manut Swarmarama, ayat-ayat puniki negesang pandangan tradisional indik praktik fisik sakadi asana lan pranayāma (inti Hatha Yoga) maguna antuk nyuciang lan menstabilkan kompleks angga-pikiran, nyiapang praktisi antuk penyerapan meditatif sane lebih dalem karakteristik Raja Yoga. [6]

Raja yoga kabaosang ring Yogatatwa Upanishad. [7] Raris kabaosang ring komentar abad ka-16 indik pidabdab khusus ring Yoga Sūtra Patañjali . [8] Karya Tantra era abad pertengahan Dattātreyayogasāstra nlatarang ring 334 sloka indik prinsip-prinsip petang yoga: yoga mantra, yoga hatha, yoga laya miwah yoga raja. [9] Alain Daniélou maosang yéning yoga Raja inggih punika, ring sastra sejarah agama Hindu, silih tunggil saking limang metode yoga sané kauningin, sareng papat sané lianan inggih punika yoga Hatha, yoga Mantra, yoga Laya, miwah yoga Siwa . [10] Daniélou nerjemahang pinaka cara kerajaan antuk reintegrasi angga sareng angga universal ( Brahman )." Istilah puniki dados retronim modern ring abad ka-19 ritatkala Swami Vivekananda matehang raja yoga sareng Yoga Sutra Patañjali. [8] [2] [11] Teges punika matiosan sareng sane wenten ring Hatha Yoga Pradīpikā, teks Natha sampradaya. [12]

Para Brahma Kumaris, gerakan agama anyar, ngajahin wangun meditasi sane kabaos Raja yoga sane nenten wenten paiketannyane sareng ajah-ajahan Hatha Yoga utawi Sutras Yoga Patañjali. [13]

Interpretasi lan sastra modern sane mabligbagan indik Raja yoga sesai ngajum Yogasūtra Patañjali pinaka sumber tekstual ipun, sakewala akeh sane nenten ngadopsi ajaran utawi dasar filosofis aliran Yoga agama Hindu. [14] Campuran konsep puniki sampun ngawinang bingung ring sajeroning ngresepang sastra sejarah lan modern India indik Yoga. [2] [12]

Cingak taler

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Lis pustaka

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  1. ↑ Jason Birch (2013), Råjayoga: The Reincarnations of the King of All Yogas, International Journal of Hindu Studies, Volume 17, Issue 3, pages 401–444
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Mallinson-1 2011.
  3. ↑ Swami Vivekananda, Raja Yoga, ISBN 978-1500746940
  4. ↑ "World's largest meditation centre coming up in Hyderabad". 24 January 2020.
  5. ↑ rāja Monier-Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, Germany
  6. ↑ Swatmarama (1934). Hatha Yoga Pradipika. Katerjemahang olih Pancham Sinh. Sacred-texts.com. Kaaksés 2025-05-18.
  7. ↑ Ayyangar, TR Srinivasa (1938). The Yoga Upanishads. The Adyar Library. p. 301.
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Jason Birch (2013), Råjayoga: The Reincarnations of the King of All Yogas, International Journal of Hindu Studies, Volume 17, Issue 3, pages 401–444
  9. ↑ Antonio Rigopoulos (1998), Dattatreya: The Immortal Guru, Yogin, and Avatara, State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791436967, page 62
  10. ↑ Alain Daniélou (1991), Yoga: Mastering the Secrets of Matter and the Universe, ISBN 978-0892813018, Chapters 1-12
  11. ↑ Swami Vivekananda, Raja Yoga, ISBN 978-1500746940
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Mallinson-2 2011.
  13. ↑ Jason Birch (2013), Råjayoga: The Reincarnations of the King of All Yogas, International Journal of Hindu Studies, Volume 17, Issue 3, pages 401–444
  14. ↑ Jason Birch (2013), Råjayoga: The Reincarnations of the King of All Yogas, International Journal of Hindu Studies, Volume 17, Issue 3, pages 401–444
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