Cebur nuju daging

Qingdao

Koordinat: 36°04′01″N 120°22′58″E / 36.0669°N 120.3827°E / 36.0669; 120.3827
Saking Wikipédia
Qingdao
青岛市
Tsingtao
Prefecture-level and Sub-provincial city
Skyline of Qingdao
Peta
Koordinat (Qingdao municipal government): 36°04′01″N 120°22′58″E / 36.0669°N 120.3827°E / 36.0669; 120.3827
CountryChina
ProvinceShandong
Lease to Germany6 March 1898
Japanese occupation7 November 1914
Return to China10 December 1922
Japanese Occupation10 January 1938
Return to China15 August 1945
Municipal seat11, Xianggang Middle Rd, Shinan District
Pamréntahan
 • JenisSub-provincial city
 • LembagaQingdao Municipal People's Congress
 • CCP SecretaryLu Zhiyuan
 • Congress ChairmanWang Luming
 • MayorZhao Haozhi
 • CPPCC ChairmanYang Jun
Jimbar
 • City11.228,4 km2 (43,353 sq mi)
 • Darat11.228,4 km2 (43,353 sq mi)
 • Kota
5.171,4 km2 (19,967 sq mi)
 • Metro
5.171,4 km2 (19,967 sq mi)
Populasi
 (2020 census)[1]
 • City10,071,722
 • Kepadatan00/km2 (0,00.023/sq mi)
 • Kota
7.172.451
 • Kepadatan kota140/km2 (360/sq mi)
 • Metro
7.172.451
 • Kepadatan metro140/km2 (360/sq mi)
GDP[2]
 • CityCN¥ 1.200 trillion
US$ 181.4 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 128,459
US$ 19,412
Wewidangan galahUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
266000
Kode aréa0532
ISO 3166 codeCN-SD-02
License Plate Prefix鲁B & 鲁U
Coastline
  • 862.64 km (536.02 mi)
  • (inclusive of offshore islands)
  • 730.64 km (454.00 mi)
  • (exclusive of islands)
Major NationalitiesHan: 99.86%
County-level divisions10
ClimateDwa/Cwa
Situs webqingdao.gov.cn
Simbol
KembangChina rose
Camellia
TaruCedrus
Qingdao
"Qingdao" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Aran Cina
Simplified Chinese青岛
Traditional Chinese青島
PosTsingtao
Artos literal"Qing (color) Island"
Jerman name
JermanTsingtau

Qingdao[lower-alpha 1] inggih punika kota tingkat préféktur ring sisi kangin Shandong Propinsi saking Cina. Magenah ring pasisi Segara Kuning Cina, Qingdao sampun sué dados bénténg sané mabuat.[3] Ring warsa 1897, kota puniki kaserahang ring Jerman. Antuk Jerman Qingdao (Tsingtau) inggih punika pusat paadolan, pelabuhan miwah dasar sané mabuat pisan ring Skuadron Asia Kangin, sané ngawinang angkatan segara Jerman prasida ngamargiang dominasi ring Pasifik.[4] Ring warsa 1914, risampuné medal Perang Jagad I, Jepang ngrebut kota miwah propinsi sané nampek salami Pangepungan Tsingtao. Duk warsa 1915, Cina cumpu pacang ngangkenin genah khusus Jepang ring wawidangan punika majalaran antuk napi sané kaloktah pinaka Selikur Pinunasan.[5] Ring warsa 1918, pemerintah Cina, sane kakuasain olih panglima perang Duan Qirui, silib-silib cumpu ring syarat-syarat Jepang antuk ngenti utang. Risampuné Perang Jagat I, salami Konférénsi Padaméan Paris, Jepang ngamolihang panyumpuan sareng kekuatan Sekutu mangda ngangkenin klaimnyané ring wewidangan ring Shandong, sané ngranjing Qingdao, sadurungnyané kajajah olih Jerman. Duk warsa 1922, Shandong mawali kakuasain olih Cina risampuné Amérika Serikat ngamargiang mediasi selami Konférénsi Angkatan Segara Washington.[3] Today, Qingdao pinaka kota simpul utama saking Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) sané ngubungang Asia Kontinéntal lan Asia Timur sareng Éropa.[6] Kota niki madué PDB pinih tegeh pantaraning kota-kota liyanan ring propinsi niki.

Qingdao wantah pelabuhan miwah pangkalan angkatan segara utama, taler pinaka genah komérsial miwah pusat kajinahan. Puniki pinaka genah multinasional éléktronik sekadi Haier miwah Hisense. Kreteg Celuk Jiaozhou, nyambungang wewidangan kota utama Qingdao sareng distrik Huangdao, sané ngelintangin wewidangan segara Celuk Jiaozhou. Arsitékturnyané sané malelitnihan magaya Jerman lan Tsingtao Brewery, pabrik bir sané pinih ageng kaping kalih ring Cina,[7] inggih punika warisan saking palinggihan Jerman (1898–1914). Qingdao kaklasifikasiang pinaka Metropolis Pelabuhan Ageng.[8]

Pustaka

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Sitasi

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  1. ↑ "China: Shāndōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  2. ↑ "Shandong Statistical Yearbook-2016". www.stats-sd.gov.cn. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 5 May 2018. Kaaksés 28 February 2024.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Elleman, Bruce (2002). Wilson and China (édisi ka-1st). Routledge. ISBN 978-0765610515.
  4. ↑ Stephenson, Charles (2017). The Siege of Tsingdao. Pen & Sword Military.
  5. ↑ "Shandong question | Chinese Imperialism, Nationalism & Revolution | Britannica". www.britannica.com (ring Inggris). Kaaksés 2024-06-20.
  6. ↑ 2017中国青岛青岛概况 - 中文 - 青岛之窗 - 让青岛走向世界，让世界了解青岛. www.qingdaochina.org. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 6 Maret 2019. Kaaksés 4 Maret 2019.
  7. ↑ "China Beer" (PDF). Kaarsipin (PDF) saking versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Kaaksés 2013-06-13.
  8. ↑ Roberts, Toby; Williams, Ian; Preston, John (2021). "The Southampton system: A new universal standard approach for port-city classification". Maritime Policy & Management. 48 (4): 530–542. doi:10.1080/03088839.2020.1802785. S2CID 225502755.

Cutetan

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  1. ↑ /tʃɪŋˈdaʊ/ ching-DOW, tradisional karomanisasi dados Tsingtao; Hanzi青岛; PinyinQīngdǎo, Mandarin: [tɕʰíŋtàʊ] (rengeⓘ), (Qingdao Mandarin: t͡ɕʰiŋ˧˩ tɒ˥)

Wit pustaka

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  • Gottschall, Terrell D. By Order of the Kaiser: Otto von Diederichs and the Rise of the Imperial German Navy 1865–1902. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 2003. ISBN 1-55750-309-5
  • Schultz-Naumann, Joachim. Unter Kaisers Flagge: Deutschlands Schutzgebiete im Pazifik und in China einst und heute [Under the Kaiser's Flag, Germany's Protectorates in the Pacific and in China then and today]. Munich: Universitas Verlag. 1985.
  • Miscellaneous series, Issues 7–11. United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 1912.
  • Walravens, Hartmut. "German Influence on the Press in China". In: Newspapers in International Librarianship: Papers Presented by the Newspaper Section at IFLA General Conferences. Walter de Gruyter, 1 January 2003. ISBN 3110962799, ISBN 9783110962796.
    • Also available at the website of the Queens Library – This version does not include the footnotes visible in the Walter de Gruyter version.
    • Also available in Walravens, Hartmut, and Edmund King. Newspapers in international librarianship: papers presented by the section of the newspaper at IFLA General Conferences. K.G. Saur, 2003. ISBN 3598218370, ISBN 9783598218378.

Pranala jaba

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Mal:Shandong Mal:Metropolitan cities of the People's Republic of China Mal:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China Mal:SEZ Mal:Former German colonies

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