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Pinakit gula

Uah pranala
Saking Wikipédia
Sakit gula
Lingkaran sane bolong antuk wates biru tebel lan tengah sane bening
Simbol lingkaran biru universal antuk diabetes[1]
Pengucapan
KhususEndocrinology
CecirenSering ngenceh, Nincapang bedak, Nincapang rasa seduk
KomplikasiKetidakseimbangan metabolisme, penyakit kardiovaskulars, infark miokard, rusak saraf lan otak, gagal ginjal, perubahan pencernaan[2][3][4][5]
DurasiRemisi prasida mamargi, nanging diabetes sering pisan seumur hidup
Tipé
Sebab ipunInsulin insufficiency or gradual resistance
Paktor risiko
  • Type 1: genetics and environmental factors[6]
  • Type 2: genetics, obesity, family history, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, past pregnancy with gestational diabetes, lack of exercise [2][6]
Metode diagnostikHigh blood sugar, increased HbA1c[2]
Diagnosa matiosanDiabetes insipidus
TreatmentLifestyle changes, diabetes medication[2]
PatambaanInsulin, antihyperglycemics[2][7][8]
Prékuénsi463 million (5.7%)[9]
Séda4.2 million (2019)[9]

Diabetes, taler kabaos diabetes mellitus, inggih punika kelompok penyakit endokrin umum sane kacihnayang antuk kadar gula darah sane tegeh sane berkelanjutan . [10] [11] Diabetes puniki sangkaning pankreas nenten ngasilang hormon insulin sane cukup, utawi sel-sel ring angga dados nenten ngrespons efek insulin. [12] Gejala klasik minakadi polidipsia (bedak sane berlebihan), poliuria (beduk sane berlebihan), polifagia (seduk sane berlebihan), nurunang berat badan, lan penglihatan sane kabur . Yening nenten katambanin, gering puniki prasida ngawinang makudang-kudang komplikasi kesehatan, rumasuk gangguan sistem kardiovaskular, mata, ginjal, lan saraf . [3] Diabetes ngawinang kirang langkung 4,2 yuta jadma padem nyabran warsa, antuk kirang langkung 1,5 yuta sane kaawinang olih diabetes sane nenten katambanin utawi nenten katambanin becik. [10]

Soroh diabetes sane utama inggih punika tipe 1 lan tipe 2 . [13] Tetamban sane pinih sering kaanggen ring tipe 1 inggih punika terapi pengganti insulin (suntikan insulin), nanging tamba anti diabetes (sekadi metformin lan semaglutide ) lan modifikasi gaya hidup prasida kaanggen ngatur tipe 2. Diabetes gestasional, wangun sane metu rikalaning mobot ring makudang-kudang anak istri, biasane prasida ical nenten suwe sesampun ngembasang. Diabetes tipe 1 inggih punika kondisi otoimun ring dija sistem kekebalan tubuh nyerang sel-sel beta ring pankreas, sane ngawinang produksi insulin nenten wenten. Kahanan puniki ketahnyane wenten saking embas utawi nglimbak ring pangawit kauripan. Diabetes tipe 2 puniki kalaksanayang ritatkala angga dados resisten majeng ring insulin, tegesnyane sel-sel nenten ngrespons antuk efektif majeng ring punika, lan antuk punika, glukosa tetep wenten ring aliran darah gumanti kaserep olih sel-sel. [14] Tiosan ring punika, diabetes taler prasida mawit saking penyebab spesifik tiosan, sekadi kondisi genetik (sindrom diabetes monogenik sekadi diabetes neonatal miwah diabetes ngawit dewasa ring anak alit ), pinungkan sané nglalahin pankreas (sekadi pankreatitis), utawi ngawigunayang tamba miwah bahan kimia spesifik tiosan (sekadi glukokor, transplantasi). [15]

Akeh jadma sane keni diagnosis idup sareng diabetes sampun nincap pisan ring makudang-kudang dekade sane lintang, saking 200 yuta ring warsa 1990 dados 830 yuta ring warsa 2022. [16] [17] Puniki ngranayang siki saking pitung populasi dewasa, antuk diabetes tipe 2 sane ngawetuang langkungan saking 95% kasus. Akeh puniki sampun nincap nglintangin proyeksi sadurungnyane inggih punika 783 yuta dewasa ring warsa 2045. [18] Prevalensi penyakit puniki terus nincap, sane pinih dramatis ring negara-negara berpendapatan rendah lan menengah. [19] Tingkatnyane pateh ring anak istri lan anak lanang, antuk diabetes dados penyebab utama kematian sane kaping pitu ring global. [20] [21] Pengeluaran global ring perawatan kesehatan sane mapaiketan sareng diabetes inggih punika kirang langkung US$760 miliar nyabran warsa. [22]

Cingak taler

[uah | uah wit]

Lis pustaka

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  1. ↑ "Diabetes Blue Circle Symbol". International Diabetes Federation. 17 March 2006. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 5 August 2007.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 "Diabetes". www.who.int. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 26 February 2023. Kaaksés 1 October 2022.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN (July 2009). "Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes". Diabetes Care. 32 (7): 1335–1343. doi:10.2337/dc09-9032. PMC 2699725. PMID 19564476. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2016-06-25.
  4. ↑ Krishnasamy S, Abell TL (July 2018). "Diabetic Gastroparesis: Principles and Current Trends in Management". Diabetes Therapy. 9 (Suppl 1): 1–42. doi:10.1007/s13300-018-0454-9. PMC 6028327. PMID 29934758.
  5. ↑ Saedi E, Gheini MR, Faiz F, Arami MA (September 2016). "Diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairments". World Journal of Diabetes. 7 (17): 412–422. doi:10.4239/wjd.v7.i17.412. PMC 5027005. PMID 27660698. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 "Causes of Diabetes – NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. June 2014. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2 February 2016. Kaaksés 10 February 2016.
  7. ↑ Pikobet nganggit: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama AFP09
  8. ↑ Brutsaert EF (February 2017). "Drug Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus". MSDManuals.com. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 12 October 2018. Kaaksés 12 October 2018.
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 "IDF DIABETES ATLAS Ninth Edition 2019" (PDF). www.diabetesatlas.org. Kaarsipin (PDF) saking versi asli tanggal 1 May 2020. Kaaksés 18 May 2020.
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 "Diabetes". World Health Organization. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 29 January 2023. Kaaksés 29 January 2023.
  11. ↑ "Diabetes Mellitus (DM) – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders". MSD Manual Consumer Version. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 1 October 2022. Kaaksés 1 October 2022.
  12. ↑ Shoback DG, Gardner D, eds. (2011). "Chapter 17". Greenspan's basic & clinical endocrinology (édisi ka-9th). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-162243-1.
  13. ↑ "Symptoms and Causes of Diabetes". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health. 2024. Kaaksés 16 May 2024.
  14. ↑ "Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes | UVA Health". uvahealth.com. Kaaksés 2025-01-27.
  15. ↑ American Diabetes Association (2020-12-04). "2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021". Diabetes Care. 44 (Supplement_1): S15–S33. doi:10.2337/dc21-S002. ISSN 0149-5992.
  16. ↑ "Diabetes". www.who.int (ring Inggris). Kaaksés 2024-12-17.
  17. ↑ "The top 10 causes of death". www.who.int (ring Inggris). Kaaksés 2024-08-12.
  18. ↑ "Facts & figures". International Diabetes Federation. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2023-08-10. Kaaksés 2023-08-10.
  19. ↑ De Silva AP, De Silva SH, Haniffa R, Liyanage IK, Jayasinghe S, Katulanda P, Wijeratne CN, Wijeratne S, Rajapaksa LC (April 2018). "Inequalities in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Sri Lanka: a lower middle income country". International Journal for Equity in Health. 17 (1): 45. doi:10.1186/s12939-018-0759-3. PMC 5905173. PMID 29665834.
  20. ↑ Vos, T.; Flaxman, A. D.; et al. (December 2012). "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2163–2196. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMC 6350784. PMID 23245607.
  21. ↑ "The top 10 causes of death". www.who.int. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 24 September 2021. Kaaksés 18 May 2020. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  22. ↑ Bommer C, Sagalova V, Heesemann E, Manne-Goehler J, Atun R, Bärnighausen T, Davies J, Vollmer S (May 2018). "Global Economic Burden of Diabetes in Adults: Projections From 2015 to 2030". Diabetes Care. 41 (5): 963–970. doi:10.2337/dc17-1962. PMID 29475843.
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