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Meningitis

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Meningitis
Meninges saking sistem saraf pusat: materi dura, materi araknoid, lan materi pia.
KhususPenyakit infeksi, saraf
CecirenDemam, sakit sirah, kaku leher[1]
KomplikasiPekak, epilepsi, hidrosefalus, defisit kognitif[2][3]
Sebab ipunBakteri, virus, jamur, parasit, nenten infeksi, miwah sane lianan[4]
Metode diagnostikTusukan pinggang[1]
Diagnosa matiosanEncephalitis, brain tumor, lupus, Lyme disease, seizures, neuroleptic malignant syndrome,[5] naegleriasis[6]
PencegahanPaksinasi[2]
Patambaanantibiotik, antivirus, steroid[1][7][8]
Prékuénsi7,7 yuta (2019)[9]
Séda236,000 (2019)[9]

Meningitis punika radang akut utawi kronis ring membran pelindung sane nutupin otak lan sumsum tulang belakang, sane sareng-sareng kasengguh meninges . [10] Gejala sane pinih sering inggih punika demam, sakit sirah sane sanget, muntah lan kaku leher lan kadang-kadang fotofobia . [1] Gejala sane tiosan minakadi bingung utawi eling sane mauwah, mual, lan nenten prasida nerima suara sane keras . [1] Anak alit sering wantah nyihnayang gejala nonspesifik, sakadi iritasi, ngantuk, utawi nenten becik ngajeng. [1] Ruam non-blanching (ruam sane nenten pudar ritatkala kaca kagulung ring duurnyane) taler prasida wenten. [11]

Inflamasi punika minab sangkaning infeksi virus, bakteri, jamur utawi parasit . [12] Sane ngawinang nenten infeksi minakadi keganasan ( kanker ), pendarahan subaraknoid, penyakit inflamasi kronis ( sarkoidosis ) lan tamba-tamba tertentu. [4] Meningitis prasida ngawinang baya ring kahuripan santukan radang punika nampek ring otak lan sumsum tulang belakang; punika mawinan, kahanan punika kaklasifikasiang dados darurat medis . [2] [8] Tusukan lumbar, ring jaum sane kagenahang ring saluran tulang belakang anggen mupulang sampel cairan serebrospinal (CSF), prasida ngamargiang diagnosis utawi ngecualian meningitis. [13] [8]

Makudang-kudang wangun meningitis prasida kacegah antuk imunisasi antuk vaksin meningokokus, gondok, pneumokokus, miwah Hib . [14] Ngicenin antibiotik majeng ring jadma sane keni paparan signifikan majeng ring soroh meningitis minab taler mawiguna anggen nyegah penularan. [15] Tetamban kapertama ring meningitis akut inggih punika digelis ngicenin antibiotik lan kadang-kadang tamba antivirus . [15] [7] Kortikosteroid prasida kaanggen nyegah komplikasi saking radang sane berlebihan. [3] [16] Meningitis prasida ngawinang konsekuensi jangka panjang sane serius minakadi tuli, epilepsi, hidrosefalus, utawi defisit kognitif, napi malih yening nenten gelis katambanin. [14] [3]

Ring warsa 2019, meningitis kadiagnosis ring sawatara 7,7 yuta jadma ring sajebag jagat, saking punika 236.000 jadma padem, tedun saking 433.000 jadma padem ring warsa 1990. Antuk tamba sane patut, resiko padem ring meningitis bakteri kirang saking 15%. [17] Wabah meningitis bakteri puniki mamargi pantaraning Desember lan Juni nyabran warsa ring wewidangan Afrika sub-Sahara sane kaloktah dados sabuk meningitis . [18] Wabah sane alitan taler prasida kapanggihin ring wewidangan sane tiosan ring jagate. [18] Kruna meningitis mawit saking basa Yunani μῆνιγξ meninx, 'membran', miwah akhiran medis -itis, 'radang'. [19] [20]

Cingak taler

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Lis pustaka

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 "Bacterial Meningitis". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1 April 2014. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 5 March 2016. Kaaksés 5 March 2016.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Sáez-Llorens X, McCracken GH (June 2003). "Bacterial meningitis in children". Lancet. 361 (9375): 2139–48. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13693-8. PMID 12826449.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 van de Beek D, de Gans J, Tunkel AR, Wijdicks EF (January 2006). "Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults". The New England Journal of Medicine. 354 (1): 44–53. doi:10.1056/NEJMra052116. PMID 16394301.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Ginsberg L (March 2004). "Difficult and recurrent meningitis". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 75 Suppl 1 (90001): i16–21. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.034272. PMC 1765649. PMID 14978146.
  5. ↑ Ferri, Fred F. (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (édisi ka-2nd). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter M. ISBN 978-0-323-07699-9.
  6. ↑ Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (May 2008). "Primary amebic meningoencephalitis – Arizona, Florida, and Texas, 2007" (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 57 (21): 573–27. PMID 18509301. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2 April 2020. Kaaksés 14 October 2017.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 "Viral Meningitis". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 November 2014. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 4 March 2016. Kaaksés 5 March 2016.
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM, Whitley RJ (November 2004). "Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 39 (9): 1267–84. doi:10.1086/425368. PMID 15494903.
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 "Global Disease Burden 2019". Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 19 April 2022. Kaaksés 26 April 2022.
  10. ↑ Putz K, Hayani K, Zar FA (September 2013). "Meningitis". Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 40 (3): 707–726. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2013.06.001. PMID 23958365. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ↑ "NHS medical conditions meningitis". National Health Service (NHS). 20 October 2017. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 26 April 2022. Kaaksés 26 April 2022.
  12. ↑ "Meningitis". World Health Organization (WHO). Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 10 January 2022. Kaaksés 30 May 2023.
  13. ↑ "Bacterial Meningitis". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1 April 2014. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 5 March 2016. Kaaksés 5 March 2016.
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Sáez-Llorens X, McCracken GH (June 2003). "Bacterial meningitis in children". Lancet. 361 (9375): 2139–48. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13693-8. PMID 12826449.
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 "Bacterial Meningitis". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1 April 2014. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 5 March 2016. Kaaksés 5 March 2016.
  16. ↑ Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM, Whitley RJ (November 2004). "Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 39 (9): 1267–84. doi:10.1086/425368. PMID 15494903.
  17. ↑ "Bacterial Meningitis". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1 April 2014. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 5 March 2016. Kaaksés 5 March 2016.
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 "Meningococcal meningitis Fact sheet N°141". World Health Organization (WHO). November 2015. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 5 March 2016. Kaaksés 5 March 2016.
  19. ↑ Mosby's pocket dictionary of medicine, nursing & health professions (édisi ka-6th). St. Louis: Mosby/Elsevier. 2010. p. traumatic meningitis. ISBN 978-0-323-06604-4. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 10 September 2017. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  20. ↑ Liddell HG, Scott R (1940). "μῆνιγξ". A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 8 November 2013.

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