Korteks polo
Korteks polo, taler kabaos mantel utek, [1] inggih punika lapisan sisi jaringan saraf otak otak ring manusa miwah mamalia tiosan. Puniki pinaka genah integrasi saraf sane pinih ageng ring sistem saraf pusat, [2] lan madue peran sane mabuat ring uratian, persepsi, kesadaran, pikayunan, ingatan, basa, lan eling . Korteks otak inggih punika pahan saking otak sané madué swadharma ring kognisi .
Neokorteks sané malapis nem ngwentuk kirang langkung 90% saking korteks, antuk alokorteks ngwentuk sisanyané. [3] Korteks kakepah dados pahan kiwa miwah tengen olih celah membujur, sané misahang kalih belahan otak sané kagabung ring sor korteks olih corpus callosum . Ring akéhan mamalia, tiosan ring mamalia alit sané madué otak alit, korteks otak kalipet, ngicénin genah sané agengan ring volume kranium sané kawatesin. Lempas saking ngirangin volume otak miwah kranial, lipatan kortikal mabuat pisan ring sirkuit otak miwah organisasi fungsionalnyané. [4] Ring mamalia sane otaknyane alit, nenten wenten lipatan lan korteksnyane mulus. [5] [6]
Lipatan utawi punggung ring korteks kasengguh gyrus (gyri jamak) lan alur kasengguh sulcus (sulci jamak). Konvolusi permukaan puniki medal selami panglimbak janin miwah terus dewasa risampuné embas saking proses girifikasi . Ring otak manusa, akehan korteks otak nenten kacingak saking jaba, nanging kapendem ring sulci. [7] Sulci miwah gyri utama nyihnayang pahan otak dados lobus otak . Petang lobus utama inggih punika lobus frontal, parietal, oksipital miwah temporal . Lobus tiosan inggih punika lobus limbik, miwah korteks insular sering kasengguh lobus insular .
Wénten pantaraning 14 ngantos 16 miliar neuron ring korteks otak manusa. [8] Puniki kasusun dados lapisan kortikal horizontal, miwah radial dados kolom kortikal miwah kolom mini . Area kortikal madué kawigunan sekadi gerakan ring korteks motorik, miwah panyingakan ring korteks visual . Korteks motorik utamanyane magenah ring gyrus presentral, lan korteks visual magenah ring lobus oksipital.
Korteks otak inggih punika panutup sisi saking permukaan belahan otak miwah kalipet dados muncuk sané kawastanin gyri, miwah alur sané kawastanin sulci . Ring otak manusa, punika wenten ring pantaraning 2 lan 3-4 mm. tebel, [9] lan ngawetuang 40% saking massa otak. [10] 90% saking korteks otak inggih punika neokorteks sane malapis nem nanging 10% sane lianan kawangun antuk alokorteks sane malapis tiga/petang. [10] Wénten pantaraning 14 ngantos 16 miliar neuron ring korteks. [10] Neuron kortikal puniki kasusun radial ring kolom kortikal, miwah minikolom, ring lapisan korteks sané kasusun horizontal. [11] [12]
- ↑ "cerebral mantle". TheFreeDictionary.com. Kaaksés 9 May 2024.
- ↑ Saladin K (2011). Human anatomy (édisi ka-3rd). McGraw-Hill. pp. 416–422. ISBN 978-0-07-122207-5.
- ↑ Strominger NL, Demarest RJ, Laemle LB (2012). "Cerebral Cortex". Noback's Human Nervous System (ring Inggris) (édisi ka-Seventh). Humana Press. pp. 429–451. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-779-8_25. ISBN 978-1-61779-778-1.
- ↑ Shipp S (June 2007). "Structure and function of the cerebral cortex". Current Biology. 17 (12): R443–R449. Bibcode:2007CBio...17.R443S. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.044. PMC 1870400. PMID 17580069.
- ↑ Fernández V, Llinares-Benadero C, Borrell V (May 2016). "Cerebral cortex expansion and folding: what have we learned?". The EMBO Journal. 35 (10): 1021–1044. doi:10.15252/embj.201593701. PMC 4868950. PMID 27056680.
- ↑ Rakic P (October 2009). "Evolution of the neocortex: a perspective from developmental biology". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 10 (10): 724–735. doi:10.1038/nrn2719. PMC 2913577. PMID 19763105.
- ↑ Principles of neural science (édisi ka-4th). McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division. 2000-01-05. ISBN 978-0-8385-7701-1.
- ↑ Saladin K (2011). Human anatomy (édisi ka-3rd). McGraw-Hill. pp. 416–422. ISBN 978-0-07-122207-5.
- ↑ Roberts P (1992). Neuroanatomy (édisi ka-3rd). Springer-Verlag. pp. 86–92. ISBN 978-0-387-97777-5.
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 Saladin K (2011). Human anatomy (édisi ka-3rd). McGraw-Hill. pp. 416–422. ISBN 978-0-07-122207-5.
- ↑ Lodato S, Arlotta P (2015-11-13). "Generating neuronal diversity in the mammalian cerebral cortex". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 31 (1): 699–720. doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125353. PMC 4778709. PMID 26359774.
Functional columns were first defined in the cortex by Mountcastle (1957), who proposed the columnar hypothesis, which states that the cortex is composed of discrete, modular columns of neurons, characterized by a consistent connectivity profile.
- ↑ Ansen-Wilson LJ, Lipinski RJ (January 2017). "Gene-environment interactions in cortical interneuron development and dysfunction: A review of preclinical studies". Neurotoxicology. 58: 120–129. Bibcode:2017NeuTx..58..120A. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2016.12.002. PMC 5328258. PMID 27932026.