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Kaandalan Wikipedia

Saking Wikipédia
Mantel Amerika Selatan. Ring bulan Juli 2008, wenten sisya sane mayusa 17 warsa ngawewehin julukan sane kapanggihin ring artikel Wikipedia Coati pinaka lelucon pribadi, sane kasengguh " aardvarks Brasil". Informasi sane iwang punika sampun mamargi salami nem warsa tur kasobyahang olih satusan situs web, makudang-kudang koran, lan malah makudang-kudang buku sane kamedalang olih percetakan universitas. [1]

Reliabilitas Wikipedia miwah model editing sané katunjang olih sukarelawan miwah kaatur olih komunitas, utaminnyané edisi basa Inggrisnyané, sampun katakénang miwah kauji. Wikipedia kasurat lan kaeditan olih editor sukarelawan (sane kaloktah dados Wikipedians ) sane ngasilang konten online antuk pengawasan editorial editor sukarelawan sane lianan malarapan antuk kebijakan lan pedoman sane kakaryanin olih komunitas. Reliabilitas proyek sampun kauji manut statistik malarapan antuk tinjauan komparatif, analisis pola sejarah, miwah kekuatan lan kelemahan sane melekat ring proses editingnyane. [2] Ensiklopedia online sampun kacacad santukan faktualnyane nenten andel, utamanyane ngenenin indik daging, presentasi, miwah proses editorialnyane. Studi miwah survei sane mautsaha ngukur keandalan Wikipedia madue pikolih sane macampuh. Keandalan Wikipedia sering kacacad ring warsa 2000-an nanging sampun katincapang; edisinyane sane mabasa Inggris sampun umum kaajum ring panguntat warsa 2010-an lan pangawit warsa 2020-an. [3] [4] [5]

Artikel sane nenten stabil miwah dangan keni bias kognitif inggih punika kalih widang pikobet sane madue potensi ring pakaryan sane mawit saking krama sekadi Wikipedia.

Pilih penilaian reliabilitasnyane sampun nureksain sapunapi gelisnyane vandalisme —daging sane karasayang olih editor pinaka informasi sane iwang utawi ngawinang salah tampi—kaicalang. Kalih warsa risampuné proyek punika kakawitin, duk warsa 2003, wénten panyelehan saking IBM manggihin indik "vandalisme katahnyané gelis kabecikang—gelis pisan mawinan akéhan sané ngawigunayang nénten pacang nyingakin panglalahnyané". [6] Ngranjingang konten sane palsu utawi sane kakaryanin sampun, ring galah-galah, sampun mamargi makudang-kudang warsa ring Wikipedia santukan editor sukarelawannyane. [7] [8] Model editingnyane ngawentenang makudang bias sistemik, inggih punika bias seleksi, bias inklusi, bias partisipasi, miwah bias pikayunan kelompok. Akeh ensiklopedia sane kasurat olih editor lanang, sane ngawinang bias gender ring cakupan, lan wangun komunitas editing sampun ngawinang rasa jejeh indik bias rasial, bias spin, bias perusahaan, lan bias nasional, sane lianan. [9] [10] Bias ideologis ring Wikipedia taler sampun kaidentifikasi ring undagan eling miwah alam bawah eling. Makudang-kudang panyelehan saking Sekolah Bisnis Harvard duk warsa 2012 miwah 2014 manggihang Wikipedia "sayan banget bias" saking Ensiklopedia Britannica sakéwanten ngawedarang pikolih punika nganutin lantang ensiklopedia online sané matiosan sareng editing sané miring. [11] [12]

Conto-conto editing non-netral utawi konflik kepentingan miwah ngawigunayang Wikipedia antuk "edit danda" sampun nudut kayun indik daging sané iwang, bias, utawi ngaonang jejeh ring artikel, utaminnyané biografi jadma sané kantun maurip. [13] [14] Artikel indik subjek sane kirang teknis, sekadi ilmu sosial, humaniora, miwah budaya, sampun kaloktah ngarepin siklus misinformasi, bias kognitif, ketidaksesuaian cakupan, miwah sengketa editor. Ensiklopedia online punika nenten nyamin keabsahan informasinyane. Puniki kacingak pinaka " titik awal " sané mabuat pisan majeng ring para sujana rikala ipun nglintangin daging anggén nureksain referensi, kutipan, miwah sumber sané sampun kadaftar. Para akademisi ngicenin tetimbang mangda nincapang sumber sane andel ritatkala ngajiang kualitas artikel. [15] [16]

Cakupannyane ring artikel medis lan ilmiah sakadi patologi, [17] toksikologi, onkologi, [18] farmasi, [19] lan psikiatri [20] kasaihang sareng sumber profesional lan peer-review ring studi Nature warsa 2005 . [21] Awarsa salanturnyané Encyclopædia Britannica nungkasin studi Alam, sané pangawinyané, ring gilirannyané, nyawis antuk panulak salanturnyané. [22] [23] Pikayunan indik kawacen lan nganggen basa teknis sane kalintang kaunggahang ring studi sane kamedalang olih Masyarakat Onkologi Klinis Amerika (2011), [24] Kedokteran Psikologis (2012), [20] lan Jurnal Gastroenterologi lan Hepatologi Eropa (2014). [25] Wikipedia basa Inggris Sederhana mawiguna pinaka versi artikel sane sampun kasederhanayang mangda artikel sane kompleks sayan dangan kaakses olih jadma awam indik topik sane sampun katentuang ring basa Inggris Dasar . Kasub Wikipedia, pangwacen massal, miwah aksesibilitas gratis sampun ngawinang ensiklopedia ngamolihang otoritas kognitif tangan kedua sane substansial ring sajebag jagat. [26] [27]

Lis pustaka

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  1. ↑ Kolbe, Andreas (January 16, 2017). "Happy birthday: Jimbo Wales' sweet 16 Wikipedia fails. From aardvark to Bicholim, the encylopedia [sic] of things that never were". The Register. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal July 8, 2017. Kaaksés June 4, 2017.
  2. ↑ Seelye, Katharine Q. (December 5, 2005). "Snared in the Web of a Wikipedia Liar". The New York Times. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal September 7, 2014. Kaaksés February 23, 2017. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  3. ↑ "Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher". The Economist. January 9, 2021. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal January 8, 2021. Kaaksés February 25, 2021.
  4. ↑ Cooke, Richard (February 17, 2020). "Wikipedia Is the Last Best Place on the Internet". Wired (ring Inggris). Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal January 10, 2021. Kaaksés October 13, 2020.
  5. ↑ "Happy Birthday, Wikipedia". The Economist. January 9, 2021. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal January 8, 2021. Kaaksés February 16, 2022.
  6. ↑ Fernanda B. Viégas, Martin Wattenberg, Kushal Dave: Studying Cooperation and Conflict between Authors with history flow Visualizations Error in Webarchive mal: Empty url.. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, 575–582, Vienna 2004, ISBN 1-58113-702-8
  7. ↑ Sage, Adam (June 9, 2010). "Ségolène Royal and Wikipedia duped by tale of anti-slavery activist". The Times. London. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal July 28, 2014. Kaaksés June 17, 2011.
  8. ↑ Seigenthaler, John (November 29, 2005). "A false Wikipedia "biography"". USA Today. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal January 6, 2012. Kaaksés September 10, 2017. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  9. ↑ Torres, Nicole (June 2, 2016). "Why Do So Few Women Edit Wikipedia?". Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal June 17, 2020. Kaaksés June 26, 2020.
  10. ↑ Cassano, Jay (January 29, 2015). "Black History Matters, So Why Is Wikipedia Missing So Much Of It?". Fast Company. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal May 10, 2015. Kaaksés April 13, 2015.
  11. ↑ Frick, Walter (December 3, 2014). "Wikipedia Is More Biased Than Britannica, but Don't Blame the Crowd". Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal June 26, 2020. Kaaksés June 20, 2020.
  12. ↑ Greenstein, Shane; Zhu, Feng (January 1, 2012). "Is Wikipedia Biased?". American Economic Review (ring Inggris). Harvard Business School. 103. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal December 30, 2019. Kaaksés June 26, 2020.
  13. ↑ Leonard, Andrew (May 17, 2013). "Revenge, ego and the corruption of Wikipedia". Salon. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal May 31, 2016. Kaaksés June 4, 2016.
  14. ↑ Pinsker, Joe (August 11, 2015). "The Covert World of People Trying to Edit Wikipedia—for Pay". The Atlantic. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal June 1, 2016. Kaaksés June 4, 2016.
  15. ↑ Petiška, Eduard; Moldan, Bedřich (December 9, 2019). "Indicator of quality for environmental articles on Wikipedia at the higher education level". Journal of Information Science (ring Inggris). 47 (2): 269–280. doi:10.1177/0165551519888607. ISSN 0165-5515.
  16. ↑ Harrison, Stephen (March 19, 2020). "The Coronavirus Is Stress-Testing Wikipedia's Systems—and Editors". Slate Magazine (ring Inggris). Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal April 18, 2020. Kaaksés July 10, 2020.
  17. ↑ Wood, A; Struthers, K (2010). "Pathology education, Wikipedia and the Net generation". Medical Teacher. 32 (7): 618–620. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2010.497719. PMID 20653388. We have identified Wikipedia as an informative and accurate source for Pathology education and believe that Wikipedia is potentially an important learning tool for of the 'Net Generation'.
  18. ↑ Leithner, A; Maurer-Ertl, W; Glehr, M; Friesenbichler, J; Leithner, K; Windhager, R (Jul–Aug 2010). "Wikipedia and osteosarcoma: a trustworthy patients' information?". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 17 (4): 373–4. doi:10.1136/jamia.2010.004507. PMC 2995655. PMID 20595302.
  19. ↑ Clauson KA; Polen HH; Kamel Boulos MN; Dzenowagis JH (2008). "Scope, completeness, and accuracy of drug information in Wikipedia" (PDF). Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 42 (12): 1814–21. doi:10.1345/aph.1L474. PMID 19017825. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal March 25, 2009. Kaaksés September 25, 2009. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 Reavley, N. J.; MacKinnon, A. J.; Morgan, A. J.; Alvarez-Jimenez, M.; Hetrick, S. E.; Killackey, E.; Nelson, B.; Purcell, R.; Yap, M. B. H.; Jorm, A. F. (2011). "Quality of information sources about mental disorders: A comparison of Wikipedia with centrally controlled web and printed sources". Psychological Medicine. 42 (8): 1753–1762. doi:10.1017/S003329171100287X. PMID 22166182. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  21. ↑ Giles, J. (2005). "Internet encyclopaedias go head to head: Jimmy Wales' Wikipedia comes close to Britannica in terms of the accuracy of its science entries". Nature. 438 (7070): 900–1. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..900G. doi:10.1038/438900a. PMID 16355180. The study (which was not in itself peer-reviewed) was cited in many news articles such as this: "Wikipedia survives research test". BBC News. BBC. December 15, 2005. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal August 7, 2012. Kaaksés July 18, 2006.
  22. ↑ Nature (March 30, 2006). "Nature's responses to Encyclopaedia Britannica". Nature.com. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal November 5, 2006. Kaaksés March 19, 2012.
  23. ↑ Fatally Flawed: Refuting the recent study on encyclopedic accuracy by the journal Nature. Error in Webarchive mal: Empty url. Encyclopædia Britannica, March 2006
  24. ↑ Rajagopalan, M. S.; Khanna, V. K.; Leiter, Y.; Stott, M.; Showalter, T. N.; Dicker, A. P.; Lawrence, Y. R. (2011). "Patient-Oriented Cancer Information on the Internet: A Comparison of Wikipedia and a Professionally Maintained Database". Journal of Oncology Practice. 7 (5): 319–323. doi:10.1200/JOP.2010.000209. PMC 3170066. PMID 22211130.
  25. ↑ Azer, S. A. (2014). "Evaluation of gastroenterology and hepatology articles on Wikipedia". European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 26 (2): 155–63. doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000000003. PMID 24276492.
  26. ↑ Barnett, David (February 17, 2018). "Can we trust Wikipedia? 1.4 billion people can't be wrong". The Independent. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal February 11, 2019. Kaaksés July 15, 2021.
  27. ↑ Its reliability has received wide-spread media coverage and is frequently featured in popular culture.
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