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Infeksi virus papiloma manusa

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Infeksi virus papiloma manusa
Aran liyanéHuman papillomavirus
Protein kapsid utama L1 saking HPV 11
KhususPenyakit infeksi, ginekologi, onkologi.
CecirenNénten wénten, kutil[1][2]
KomplikasiKanker saking serviks, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mulut, amandel, utawi tenggorokan.[1][2] [3]
Sebab ipunVirus papiloma manusa sané nglimbak saking kontak langsung[4][5]
Paktor risikoSexual contact
PencegahanHPV vaccines, condoms[4][6]
PrékuénsiMost people are infected at some point in time[4]

Infeksi virus papiloma manusa ( infeksi HPV ) puniki kaawinang olih virus DNA saking kulawarga Papillomaviridae. [5] Akeh infeksi HPV sane ngawinang nenten wenten gejala lan 90% prasida ical spontan ring sajeroning kalih warsa. [1] Ring makudang-kudang kasus, infeksi HPV tetep wenten lan ngasilang kutil utawi lesi prakanker . Makasami kutil punika kaawinang olih HPV. Lesi puniki, manut ring genah sane keni, nincapang resiko kanker serviks, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, cangkem, amandel, utawi kolongan. [1] Akeh kanker serviks sane sangkaning HPV, lan kalih strain – HPV16 lan HPV18 – ngawetuang 70% saking makasami kasus. [1] [7] HPV16 sane ngawinang 90% kanker orofaring positif HPV . Pantaraning 60% lan 90% saking kanker sane lianan sane sampun kadaftar ring ajeng taler mapaiketan sareng HPV. [7] HPV6 lan HPV11 inggih punika penyebab umum kutil kelamin lan papilomatosis laring. [1]

Infeksi HPV puniki kaawinang olih virus papiloma manusa, virus DNA saking kulawarga virus papiloma. [8] [9] Langkungan saking 200 soroh sampun katlatarang. [10] [11] Individu prasida keni infeksi HPV sane lintang saking siki soroh, [12] lan gering puniki wantah kauningin keni ring manusa. [13] [14] Lebih saking 40 soroh prasida nglimbak saking kontak seksual lan nginfeksi anus lan alat kelamin . [4] Faktor resiko infeksi sane terus-terusan olih jenis sane katular saking seksual minakadi yusa sane kari alit ring hubungan seksual kapertama, makudang-kudang pasangan seksual, ngroko, lan fungsi kekebalan tubuh sane kaon . [15] Soroh puniki ketahnyane kasebar antuk kontak langsung kulit-ke-kulit sane berkelanjutan, antuk seks vagina lan anal pinaka metode sane pinih umum. [4] Infeksi HPV taler prasida nglimbak saking ibu nuju bayi rikalaning mobot . [12] Nenten wenten bukti indik HPV prasida nglimbak saking barang-barang umum sekadi kursi toilet, [16] nanging soroh sane ngawinang kutil prasida nglimbak saking permukaan sekadi lantai. [17] HPV nenten kapademang olih hand sanitizer lan disinfektan umum, nincapang kemungkinan virus punika kagingsirang majalaran antuk agen infeksi sane nenten maurip sane kawastanin fomit. [18]

Vaksin HPV prasida nyegah soroh infeksi sane pinih sering. [19] Mangda pinih efektif, inokulasi patut kamargiang sadurung ngawitin aktivitas seksual, lan mawinan punika kaaptiang ring yusa 9-13 warsa. [20] Majeng ring alit-alit sane mayusa 9-14 warsa, efektivitas vaksinasi kalaporang wenten ring pantaraning 74% kantos 93%, tedun dados 12% kantos 90% majeng ring remaja sane mayusa 15-18 warsa. [21] Penyaringan kanker serviks, sekadi tes Papanicolaou ("pap smear"), utawi pemeriksaan serviks sesampun nganggen asam asetat, prasida mendeteksi kanker awal lan sel abnormal sane prasida ngalimbak dados kanker. [20] Penyaringan prasida ngamargiang perawatan ring pangawit sane ngasilang pikolih sane becikan. [20] Penyaringan sampun ngirangin akehnyane kasus lan akehnyane sane padem sangkaning kanker serviks. [22] Kutil kelamin prasida kaicalang antuk cara beku. [23]

Akeh pisan sabilang individu sane aktif seksual keni infeksi HPV ring makudang-kudang titik ring kahuripannyane. [24] HPV inggih punika infeksi sane pinih sering keni infeksi seksual (STI), ring sajebag jagat. [25] HPV sane resikonyane ageng ngawinang sawatara 5% saking makasami kanker ring sajebag jagat lan sawatara 37.300 kasus kanker ring Amerika Serikat nyabran warsa. [26] Kanker serviks inggih punika silih sinunggil kanker sane pinih sering kapanggihin ring sajebag jagat, sane ngawinang kirang langkung 604.000 kasus anyar lan 342.000 sane padem ring warsa 2020. [27] Sawatara 90% saking kasus anyar puniki miwah padem sangkaning kanker serviks kapanggihin ring panegara sane madue pikolih rendah miwah menengah. [27] Kirang langkung 1% saking jadma dewasa sane aktif seksual madue kutil kelamin. [28] Kasus kutil kulit sampun katlatarang ngawit saking jaman Yunani kuno, nanging durung ngantos warsa 1907 sane katentuang punika kaawinang olih virus. [29]

Lis pustaka

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 "Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer - WHO". World Health Organization. 22 February 2022. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 22 April 2023.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ljubojevic S, Skerlev M (2014). "HPV-associated diseases". Clinics in Dermatology. 32 (2): 227–34. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.08.007. PMID 24559558.
  3. ↑ Anjum, Fatima; Zohaib, Jamal (4 December 2020). "Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Definitions (édisi ka-Updated). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. doi:10.32388/G6TG1L. PMID 33085415 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 229252540. Bookshelf ID: NBK563268. Kaaksés 6 February 2021 – saking NCBI.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 "What is HPV?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 28 December 2015. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 7 August 2016. Kaaksés 10 August 2016.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Milner, Danny A. (2015). Diagnostic Pathology: Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-323-40037-4. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 11 September 2017. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  6. ↑ "Fact Sheet for Public Health Personnel | Condom Effectiveness". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 25 March 2013. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 27 May 2017. Kaaksés 1 May 2017.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 "The Link Between HPV and Cancer". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 30 September 2015. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 9 November 2015. Kaaksés 11 August 2016. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ↑ Bzhalava D, Guan P, Franceschi S, Dillner J, Clifford G (October 2013). "A systematic review of the prevalence of mucosal and cutaneous human papillomavirus types". Virology. 445 (1–2): 224–31. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.015. PMID 23928291.
  9. ↑ Lange, S.; Son, S.; Jensen, M.; Medenblik, A.; Sullivan, J.; Basting, E.; Stuart, G. (2024). "HPV (Human Papillomavirus)". Encyclopedia of Sexual Psychology and Behavior (ring Inggris). Springer, Cham. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_1137-1. ISBN 978-3-031-08956-5.
  10. ↑ "HPV reference clones – International Human Papillomavirus Reference Center" (ring Inggris). Kaaksés 11 March 2025.
  11. ↑ "HPV and Cancer - National Cancer Institute". National Cancer Institute (ring Inggris). 18 October 2023. Kaaksés 18 January 2024.
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 "Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Questions and Answers". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 28 December 2015. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 11 August 2016. Kaaksés 11 August 2016.
  13. ↑ Milner, Danny A. (2015). Diagnostic Pathology: Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-323-40037-4. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 11 September 2017. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  14. ↑ "Pink Book (Human Papillomavirus)" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal 21 March 2017. Kaaksés 18 April 2017.
  15. ↑ "Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer - WHO". World Health Organization. 22 February 2022. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 22 April 2023.
  16. ↑ "5 Things You Might Not Know About Human Papillomavirus". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 20 January 2016. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 22 June 2020. Kaaksés 22 May 2020.
  17. ↑ "Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)" (PDF). WRHA. 18 November 2019. Kaaksés 26 March 2019.
  18. ↑ Meyers J, Ryndock E, Conway MJ, Meyers C, Robison R (June 2014). "Susceptibility of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 to clinical disinfectants". J Antimicrob Chemother. 69 (6): 1546–50. doi:10.1093/jac/dku006. PMC 4019329. PMID 24500190.
  19. ↑ "What is HPV?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 28 December 2015. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 7 August 2016. Kaaksés 10 August 2016.
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 20,2 "Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer - WHO". World Health Organization. 22 February 2022. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 22 April 2023.
  21. ↑ Ellingson, Mallory K.; Sheikha, Hassan; Nyhan, Kate; Oliveira, Carlos R.; Niccolai, Linda M. (August 2023). "Human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness by age at vaccination: A systematic review". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (ring Inggris). 19 (2). doi:10.1080/21645515.2023.2239085. ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 10399474 Check |pmc= value (help). Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 22 February 2025. Kaaksés 29 May 2025.
  22. ↑ Sawaya GF, Kulasingam S, Denberg TD, Qaseem A (June 2015). "Cervical Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Women: Best Practice Advice From the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 162 (12): 851–9. doi:10.7326/M14-2426. PMID 25928075.
  23. ↑ Milner, Danny A. (2015). Diagnostic Pathology: Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-323-40037-4. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 11 September 2017. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  24. ↑ "What is HPV?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 28 December 2015. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 7 August 2016. Kaaksés 10 August 2016.
  25. ↑ Milner, Danny A. (2015). Diagnostic Pathology: Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-323-40037-4. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 11 September 2017. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  26. ↑ "HPV and Cancer - National Cancer Institute". National Cancer Institute (ring Inggris). 18 October 2023. Kaaksés 18 January 2024.
  27. ↑ 27,0 27,1 "Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer - WHO". World Health Organization. 22 February 2022. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 22 April 2023.
  28. ↑ "Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Questions and Answers". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 28 December 2015. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 11 August 2016. Kaaksés 11 August 2016.
  29. ↑ Tyring, Stephen; Moore, Angela Yen; Lupi, Omar (2016). Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Viral Diseases: An Illustrated Guide to Diagnosis and Management (édisi ka-2nd). CRC Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-1-4200-7313-3.
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