Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera 
| |
|---|---|
 Hymenopterans saking kulawarga sané mabinayan; Saarah jaum jam saking kiwa duur: semut api impor (Formicidae), Vespula vulgaris (Vespidae), Tenthredopsis sordida (Tenthredinidae), lan Nyawan Éropa (Apidae) | |
Rekaman (id)  | |
| |
| Taksonomi | |
| superdomain | Biota |
| superkerajaan | Eukaryota |
| Klad | Amorphea |
| Klad | Obazoa |
| Klad | Opisthokonta |
| superkerajaan | Holozoa |
| Klad | Filozoa |
| Klad | Apoikozoa |
| krajan | Animalia |
| subkrajan | Eumetazoa |
| subkrajan | Bilateria |
| infrakrajan | Protostomia |
| superfilum | Ecdysozoa |
| Pilum | Arthropoda |
| subfilum | Hexapoda |
| kelas | Insecta |
| Klad | Dicondylia |
| subkelas | Pterygota |
| Klad | Metapterygota |
| infrakelas | Neoptera |
| Klad | Eumetabola |
| superordo | Endopterygota |
| Ordo | Hymenoptera Linnaeus , 1758 |
| Subordo | |
| |
Hymenoptera inggih punika ordo sane ageng saking insecta, sane kawangun antuk buyung gergaji, nyangnyang, nyawan, lan semut . Langkungan saking 150.000 spésiés maurip Hymenoptera sampun katlatarang,[2][3] siosan langkung saking 2.000 sané sampun punah.[4] Akéh saking spesies punika parasit. Istri katahan madué ovipositor khusus anggén ngeranjingang taluh ring inang utawi genah sané nénten prasida kaaksés. Ovipositor puniki sering kauwah dados senget. Anak alit nglimbak saking holometabolisme (jangkep metamorfosis), ipun madué tingkat larva sekadi uled miwah tingkat pupa sané nénten aktip sadurung ipun sampun wayah.
- ↑ Ronquist, Fredrik; Klopfstein, Seraina; Vilhelmsen, Lars; Schulmeister, Susanne; Murray, Debra L.; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. (December 2012). "A Total-Evidence Approach to Dating with Fossils, Applied to the Early Radiation of the Hymenoptera". Systematic Biology. 61 (6): 973–999. doi:10.1093/sysbio/sys058. PMC 3478566. PMID 22723471.
- ↑ Mayhew, Peter J. (2007). "Why are there so many insect species? Perspectives from fossils and phylogenies". Biological Reviews. 82 (3): 425–454. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00018.x. PMID 17624962. S2CID 9356614.
- ↑ Janke, Axel; Klopfstein, Seraina; Vilhelmsen, Lars; Heraty, John M.; Sharkey, Michael; Ronquist, Fredrik (2013). "The Hymenopteran Tree of Life: Evidence from Protein-Coding Genes and Objectively Aligned Ribosomal Data". PLOS ONE. 8 (8): e69344. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...869344K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069344. PMC 3732274. PMID 23936325.
- ↑ Aguiar, A.P.; Deans, A.R.; Engel, M.S.; Forshage, M.; Huber, J.T.; Jennings, J.T.; Johnson, N.F.; Lelej, A.S.; Longino, J.T.; Lohrmann, V.; Mikó, I.; Ohl, M.; Rasmussen, C.; Taeger, A.; Yu, D.S.K. (2013). "Order Hymenoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013)". Zootaxa. 3703: 1–82. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.12. PMID 26146682.
