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Hibernasi

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Kelelawar kaja hibernasi ring Norwegia
Kelelawar sane hibernasi ring tambang perak

Hibernasi inggih punika kahanan aktivitas minimal miwah reduksi metabolisme sané ngranjing olih makudang-kudang spesies buron. Hibernasi inggih punika heterotermi musiman sané kacihnayang antuk suhu tubuh sané rendah, pernapasan miwah denyut jantung sané alon, miwah metabolisme sané rendah. Puniki pinih sering kaanggen nglintangin sasih dingin – sane kasengguh overwintering.

Yadiastun manut tradisi kacawis majeng ring hibernator "dalem" sekadi rodent, istilah puniki sampun kategesang malih mangda ngranjingang buron sekadi beruang [1] lan mangkin katerapin madasar antuk penindasan metabolisme aktif bandingang sareng panurunan mutlak suhu tubuh. Akeh para sujana sane percaya yening proses torpor lan hibernasi sedina-dina ngawentuk kontinum lan nganggen mekanisme sane pateh. [2] [3] Sane pateh ring sasih-sasih masan panes inggih punika aestivation.

Hibernasi maguna mangda prasida nglestariang energi rikala ajeng-ajengan sané jangkep nénten wénten. Mangda prasida ngamolihang hemat energi puniki, buron endotermik prasida ngirangin metabolismenyane lan antuk punika suhu tubuhnyane. [4] Hibernasi prasida mamargi makudang-kudang rahina, wuku, utawi sasih-manut saking spesies, suhu lingkungan, galah ring warsa, miwah kahanan angga individu. Sadurung ngranjing ring hibernasi, buron punika patut nyimpen energi sané jangkep mangda prasida ajeg selami masa nénten makarya, minab selami masan dingin. Spesies sane agengan dados hiperfagik, ngajeng ajengan sane akeh lan nyimpen energi ring angganyane sane marupa endapan lemak. Ring akeh spesies sane alit, food caching ngentosin ngajeng lan dados gemuh. [5]

Makudang-kudang spesies mamalia hibernasi rikala mobot, sané embas rikala ibunyané hibernasi utawi nénten sué risampuné punika. [6] Minakadi, beruang ireng istri ngranjing ring hibernasi ring sasih dingin mangda prasida ngembasang pianaknyane. [7] Ibu sane mobot punika nincapang massa tubuhnyane sadurung hibernasi, lan nincapnyane puniki salanturnyane kacihnayang ring berat keturunannyane. Akumulasi lemak punika ngawinang ipun prasida ngicenin lingkungan sane cukup anget lan ngasuh pianaknyane sane wau embas. Selami hibernasi, ipun raris kilangan 15-27% saking baat pra-hibernasi antuk ngawigunayang lemak sané kasimpen pinaka energi. [8]

Buron ektotermik taler ngamargiang masa penindasan metabolisme miwah dormansi, sané ring akéh invertebrata kasengguh diapause . Makudang-kudang peneliti miwah krama ngawigunayang istilah brumate rikala nyihnayang dormansi musim dingin reptil, sakéwanten istilah hibernasi sané umum kaprecaya prasida nyihnayang dormansi musim dingin. [9] Akéh serangga, sekadi tawon Polistes exclamans miwah kumbang Bolitotherus, nyihnayang masa dormansi sané sering kasengguh hibernasi, yadiastun ektotermi ipun. [10] Sujana botani prasida ngawigunayang parinama "hibernasi benih" pinaka wentuk dormansi benih. [11]

Pustaka

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  1. ↑ "Do Black Bears Hibernate?". North American Bear Center. 2008-01-28. Kaaksés 12 October 2019.
  2. ↑ Watts PD, Oritsland NA, Jonkel C, Ronald K (1981). "Mammalian hibernation and the oxygen consumption of a denning black bear (Ursus americanus)". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 69 (1): 121–3. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(81)90645-9.
  3. ↑ Geiser, Fritz (2004). "Metabolic Rate and Body Temperature Reduction During Hibernation and Daily Torpor". Annual Review of Physiology. 66: 239–274. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.115105. PMID 14977403.
  4. ↑ Geiser, Fritz (2004). "Metabolic Rate and Body Temperature Reduction During Hibernation and Daily Torpor". Annual Review of Physiology. 66: 239–274. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.115105. PMID 14977403.
  5. ↑ Humphries, M. M.; Thomas, D.W.; Kramer, D.L. (2003). "The role of energy availability in mammalian hibernation: A cost-benefit approach". Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 76 (2): 165–179. doi:10.1086/367950. PMID 12794670.
  6. ↑ Hellgren, Eric C. (1998). "Physiology of Hibernation in Bears" (PDF). Ursus. 10: 467–477. JSTOR 3873159. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-09-08. Kaaksés 2017-01-06.
  7. ↑ DeMaster, Douglas P.; Stirling, Ian (1981-05-08). "Ursus maritimus". Mammalian Species (ring Inggris) (145): 1–7. doi:10.2307/3503828. ISSN 0076-3519. JSTOR 3503828.
  8. ↑ Molnar PK, Derocher AE, Kianjscek T, Lewis MA (2011). "Predicting climate change impacts on polar bear litter size". Nat Commun. 2: 186. Bibcode:2011NatCo...2..186M. doi:10.1038/ncomms1183. PMC 3105343. PMID 21304515.
  9. ↑ Ultsch, Gordon R. 1989. Ecology and Physiology of Hibernation and Overwintering Among Freshwater Fishes, Turtles, and Snakes. Biological Reviews 64(4), pp. 435-515. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1989.tb00683.x
  10. ↑ González, Jorge M.; Vinson, S. Bradleigh (2007). "Does Polistes exclamans Vierek (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Hibernate Inside Muddauber Nests?". Southwestern Entomologist. 32: 67–71. doi:10.3958/0147-1724-32.1.69.
  11. ↑ Cruzan, Mitchell B. (2018). Evolutionary Biology: A Plant Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 9780190882686. Kaaksés 21 September 2019. With the exception of some tropical species, seed germination is typically postponed for some period that is determined by characteristics of seeds and the environmental conditions they are exposed to [...]. [...] seeds may remain ungerminated and persist in the soil for many years. In this case, latency is induced by external environmental conditions, so these seeds are effectively in hibernation. [...] Because of seed hibernation and dormancy, many plant populations consist of adult individuals as well as Seed Banks that may be composed of seeds produced over a number of growing seasons. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
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