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HIV

Saking Wikipédia
HIV
Lentivirus Uah nilai ring Wikidata
Taksonomi
superdomainBiota
domainVirus
duniaRiboviria
krajanPararnavirae
PilumArtverviricota
kelasRevtraviricetes
ordoOrtervirales
kaluwargaRetroviridae
SubkaluwargaOrthoretrovirinae
Génus Uah nilai ring WikidataLentivirus Uah nilai ring Wikidata
Tipe taksonomi (id) Pangalihan BasaHIV type 1 (en) Pangalihan Basa Uah nilai ring Wikidata
Spesies
  • Human immunodeficiency virus 1
  • Human immunodeficiency virus 2

Mal:DiseaseDisorder infobox Virus defisiensi imun manusa ( HIV ) inggih punika kalih spesies Lentivirus (subkelompok retrovirus ) sane ngrangsang manusa. Kasuen-suen, ipun ngawinang sindrom imunodefisiensi akuisisi (AIDS), [1] [2] kahanan ring dija kegagalan progresif sistem kekebalan ngawinang infeksi oportunistik sane ngawinang idup lan kanker prasida nglimbak. [3] Tan wenten tamba, rata-rata galah idup sesampun keni infeksi HIV kakenehang 9 ngantos 11 warsa, manut ring subtipe HIV. [4]

Ring makudang-kudang kasus, HIV inggih punika infeksi sane katular saking hubungan seksual lan mamargi antuk kontak utawi transfer getih, pra-ejakulasi, mani, lan cairan vagina. [5] [6] Transmisi non-seksual prasida mamargi saking ibu sane keni infeksi majeng ring bayinyane rikala mobot, rikala ngembasang antuk paparan getih utawi cairan vagina, lan malarapan antuk ASI . [7] [8] [9] [10] Ring tengahing cairan ring angga puniki, HIV wénten pinaka partikel virus bebas miwah virus ring tengahing sel imun sané keni infeksi. Penelitian sampun nyihnayang (majeng ring pasangan sesama jenis lan lawan jenis) yening HIV nenten nular rikalaning ngamargiang hubungan seksual tanpa kondom yening pasangan HIV positif madue beban virus sane nenten prasida kadeteksi secara konsisten. [5] [6]

HIV nglimbakang sel-sel vital ring sistem kekebalan manusa, sekadi sel-sel T pembantu (utamané sel-sel CD4+ T), makrofag, miwah sel-sel dendritik.[11] Infeksi HIV ngawinang tingkat sel T CD4+ sané nénten becik antuk makudang-kudang mekanisme, minakadi piroptosa sel T sané keni infeksi aborsi,[12] apoptosis sel sané nénten keni infeksi,[13] matembung virus langsung saking sel sané keni infeksi, miwah matembung sel T CD 4+ sané keni infeksi olih limfosit sitotoksik CD8+ sané ngamolihang sel sané keni virus.[14] Rikala wilangan sel T CD4 + nincap ring sor tingkat kritis, imunitas sel-mediated ical, miwah awak sayan sayan prasida keni infeksi oportunistik, sané ngawinang panglimbak AIDS.

Cingak taler

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Lis pustaka

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  1. ↑ Weiss RA (May 1993). "How does HIV cause AIDS?". Science. 260 (5112): 1273–9. Bibcode:1993Sci...260.1273W. doi:10.1126/science.8493571. PMID 8493571.
  2. ↑ Douek DC, Roederer M, Koup RA (2009). "Emerging Concepts in the Immunopathogenesis of AIDS". Annual Review of Medicine. 60: 471–84. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.60.041807.123549. PMC 2716400. PMID 18947296.
  3. ↑ Powell MK, Benková K, Selinger P, Dogoši M, Kinkorová Luňáčková I, Koutníková H, Laštíková J, Roubíčková A, Špůrková Z, Laclová L, Eis V, Šach J, Heneberg P (2016). "Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Patients Differ Strongly in Frequencies and Spectra between Patients with Low CD4+ Cell Counts Examined Postmortem and Compensated Patients Examined Antemortem Irrespective of the HAART Era". PLOS ONE. 11 (9): e0162704. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1162704P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162704. PMC 5017746. PMID 27611681.
  4. ↑ UNAIDS; WHO (December 2007). "2007 AIDS epidemic update" (PDF). p. 16.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Rodger AJ, Cambiano V, Bruun T, Vernazza P, Collins S, Degen O, et al. (June 2019). "Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study". Lancet. 393 (10189): 2428–2438. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30418-0. PMC 6584382. PMID 31056293.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Eisinger RW, Dieffenbach CW, Fauci AS (February 2019). "HIV Viral Load and Transmissibility of HIV Infection: Undetectable Equals Untransmittable". JAMA. 321 (5): 451–452. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.21167. PMID 30629090.
  7. ↑ Mabuka J, Nduati R, Odem-Davis K, Peterson D, Overbaugh J (2012). "HIV-Specific Antibodies Capable of ADCC Are Common in Breastmilk and Are Associated with Reduced Risk of Transmission in Women with High Viral Loads". PLOS Pathogens. 8 (6): e1002739. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002739. PMC 3375288. PMID 22719248.
  8. ↑ Hahn RA, Inhorn MC, eds. (2009). Anthropology and public health : bridging differences in culture and society (édisi ka-2nd). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 449. ISBN 978-0-19-537464-3. OCLC 192042314.
  9. ↑ Mead MN (2008). "Contaminants in human milk: weighing the risks against the benefits of breastfeeding". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (10): A426–34. doi:10.1289/ehp.116-a426. PMC 2569122. PMID 18941560. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 6 November 2008.
  10. ↑ Mal:Citation-attribution
  11. ↑ Cunningham AL, Donaghy H, Harman AN, Kim M, Turville SG (August 2010). "Manipulation of dendritic cell function by viruses". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 13 (4): 524–9. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.06.002. PMID 20598938.
  12. ↑ Doitsh G, Galloway NL, Geng X, Yang Z, Monroe KM, Zepeda O, et al. (January 2014). "Cell death by pyroptosis drives CD4 T-cell depletion in HIV-1 infection". Nature. 505 (7484): 509–14. Bibcode:2014Natur.505..509D. doi:10.1038/nature12940. PMC 4047036. PMID 24356306.
  13. ↑ Garg H, Mohl J, Joshi A (November 2012). "HIV-1 induced bystander apoptosis". Viruses. 4 (11): 3020–43. doi:10.3390/v4113020. PMC 3509682. PMID 23202514.
  14. ↑ Kumar V (2012). Robbins Basic Pathology (édisi ka-9th). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-4557-3787-1.

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