Gentuh

Gentuh inggih punika meliahan toya (utawi éncéhan liyanan) sané ngelemang daratan sané ketahnyané tuh.^[1] Ring artos "toya sané membah", kruna punika taler prasida kaanggén ring membahan pasang susut. Blabar punika dados pikobet sané signifikan ring partanian, téknik sipil lan kesehatan masyarakat. Pauwahan manusa ring palemahan sering nincapang intensitas lan frékuénsi blabar. Conto pauwahan manusa inggih punika pauwahan pawigunan tanah sakadi déforestasi miwah ngicalang lahan belus, pauwahan pamargin jalur toya utawi pangendalian gentuh sakadi antuk tanggul. Pikobet lingkungan global taler ngawinang hawanan blabar, inggih punika pagentosan iklim sane ngawinang intensifikasi siklus toya lan munggahné permukaan segara.^[2]^:1517 Minakadi, pauwahan iklim ngawinang peristiwa cuaca ekstrim sayan sering lan sayan kuat.^[3] Indike puniki ngawinang blabar sayan nglimbak lan sayan nincap resiko blabar.^[4]^[5]

Blabar

Blabar inggih punika gentuh sané gelis ring wewidangan sané endep: umbahan, tukad, danu tuh lan pedokan. Minab sangkaning sabeh ageng sané mapaiketan sareng kerug madedali, siklon tropis, utawi badai tropis, utawi olih toya éncéh saking és lan salju. Blabar kilap taler prasida mamargi risampuné runtuh és alami utawi puing bendungan, utawi struktur manusa sakadi bendungan sané kakaryanin olih manusa, sakadi sané sampun mamargi sadurung Blabar Johnstown warsa 1889. Blabar kabinayang saking gentuh sané ketah antuk madué skala galah kirang saking nem jam pantaraning sabeh lan ngawitin gentuh.^[6]

Pustaka

↑ MSN Encarta Dictionary, Flood Archived 2011-02-04 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on 2006-12-28, on 2009-10-31
↑ Seneviratne, S.I., X. Zhang, M. Adnan, W. Badi, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, S. Ghosh, I. Iskandar, J. Kossin, S. Lewis, F. Otto, I. Pinto, M. Satoh, S.M. Vicente-Serrano, M. Wehner, and B. Zhou, 2021: Chapter 11: Weather and Climate Extreme Events in a Changing Climate. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1513–1766, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.013.
↑ Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change (Report). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2016. pp. 127–136. doi:10.17226/21852. ISBN 978-0-309-38094-2. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2022-02-15. Kaaksés 2020-02-22.
↑ Hirabayashi, Yukiko; Mahendran, Roobavannan; Koirala, Sujan; Konoshima, Lisako; Yamazaki, Dai; Watanabe, Satoshi; Kim, Hyungjun; Kanae, Shinjiro (September 2013). "Global flood risk under climate change". Nature Climate Change (ring Inggris). 3 (9): 816–821. Bibcode:2013NatCC...3..816H. doi:10.1038/nclimate1911. ISSN 1758-6798. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ "How climate change is making record-breaking floods the new normal". United Nations Environmental Program. 3 March 2020.
↑ "Flash Flooding Definition". National Weather Service. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal September 1, 2017. Kaaksés August 31, 2017. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)

[1] MSN Encarta Dictionary, Flood Archived 2011-02-04 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on 2006-12-28, on 2009-10-31

[2] Seneviratne, S.I., X. Zhang, M. Adnan, W. Badi, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, S. Ghosh, I. Iskandar, J. Kossin, S. Lewis, F. Otto, I. Pinto, M. Satoh, S.M. Vicente-Serrano, M. Wehner, and B. Zhou, 2021: Chapter 11: Weather and Climate Extreme Events in a Changing Climate. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1513–1766, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.013.

[:1-3] Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change (Report). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2016. pp. 127–136. doi:10.17226/21852. ISBN 978-0-309-38094-2. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2022-02-15. Kaaksés 2020-02-22.

[4] Hirabayashi, Yukiko; Mahendran, Roobavannan; Koirala, Sujan; Konoshima, Lisako; Yamazaki, Dai; Watanabe, Satoshi; Kim, Hyungjun; Kanae, Shinjiro (September 2013). "Global flood risk under climate change". Nature Climate Change (ring Inggris). 3 (9): 816–821. Bibcode:2013NatCC...3..816H. doi:10.1038/nclimate1911. ISSN 1758-6798. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[5] "How climate change is making record-breaking floods the new normal". United Nations Environmental Program. 3 March 2020.

[6] "Flash Flooding Definition". National Weather Service. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal September 1, 2017. Kaaksés August 31, 2017. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)

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