Che Guevara
| Kamerad Che Guevara | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Guerrillero Heroico, 1960 | |||
| Menteri Parindustrian Kuba | |||
| Masa jabatan 11 Februari 1961 – 1 April 1965 | |||
| Patih Agung | Fidel Castro | ||
| Sadurungné | Jabatan kaadegang | ||
| Selanturné | Joel Domenech Benítez | ||
| Présidén Bank Séntral Kuba | |||
| Masa jabatan 26 Nopémber 1959 – 23 Pébruari 1961 | |||
| Sadurungné | Felipe Pazos | ||
| Selanturné | Raúl Cepero Bonilla | ||
| Informasi pragaan | |||
| Embas | Ernesto Guevara 14 Juni 1928[1] Rosario, Santa Fe, Argéntina | ||
| Séda | 9 Oktober 1967 (yusa 39) La Higuera, Santa Cruz, Bolivia | ||
| Séda krana | Danda pati cara kabedil | ||
| Setra | Mausoleum Che Guevara, Santa Clara, Kuba | ||
| Kawarganegaraan |
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| Partai politik | M-26-7 (1955–1962) PURSC (1962–1965) | ||
| Rabi |
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| Oka | 5, rumasuk Aleida | ||
| Alma mater | Universitas Buenos Aires | ||
| Pakaryan |
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| Kasub mawinan | Guevarisme | ||
| Tanda tangan |  | ||
| Dinas militer | |||
| Kaparab |
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| Pihak | Républik Kuba[2] | ||
| Dinas/cabang | Angkatan Masanjata Révolusionér Kuba (FAR) Gerilyawan Ñancahuazú | ||
| Masa dinas | 1955–1967 | ||
| Pangkat | Comandante | ||
| Satuan | Gerakan 26 Juli | ||
| Komando | Komandan militér, FAR | ||
| Partempuran/yuda | |||
Ernesto "Che" Guevara (embas ring Rosario, Argéntina, 14 Juni 1928 – seda ring Bolivia, 9 Oktober 1967 ring yusa 39) inggih punika satunggil pejuang révolusi, dokter, panyurat, pamimpin gerilyawan, diplomat, lan pakar téori militér asal Argéntina sané mahaluan Marxis. Dados silih sinunggil tokoh utama ring Révolusi Kuba, rainé sampun manados simbol palawanan ring gerakan kontra-kebudayaan lan ring budaya populer.[3]
Ri tatkala kantun dados mahasisya kedokteran, Guevara malancaran ring Amérika Kelod miwah karadikalisasi olih katiwasan, kasedukan, miwah gering sané kasaksiang langsung.[4] Dané meled pisan pacang ngreredang eksploitasi sané kapanggihin olih "kapitalis Amérika," punika mawinan dané mautsaha ngwantu réformasi sosial sané kakawitin ring Guatemala olih Présidén Jacobo Árbenz. Nanging, Árbenz salanturné kagulingang sareng wantuan CIA antuk desak-desakan United Fruit Company, punika ngawinang Guevara sayan kukuh ring idéologiné.[4] Sasampuné punika, dané magingsir nuju Kota Méksiko, irika dané matemu sareng Raúl lan Fidel Castro lan nyarengin Gerakan 26 Juli. Dané sareng sami malayar nuju Kuba nganggén kapal yacht sané mawasta "Granma", antuk tatujon mangda prasida nedunang diktator Kuba sané kasokong olih Amérika Serikat, Fulgencio Batista.[5] Guevara salanturné dados tokoh sané kasub ring pantaraning pamberontak lan kaadegang dados komandan kalih, lan dané ngraga taler madué peran utama ring kampanye gerilya kalih warsa sané pamuputnyané prasida nguugang rézim Batista.[6]
Risampuné Révolusi Kuba, Guevara ngambil makudang-kudang peran sané mabuat ring pamréntahan Castro. Peran puniki rumasuk nincapang banding miwah miwah danda pati majeng ring sang sané keni pamidanda kakaonan perang olih pengadilan revolusioner,[7] ngamargiang réformasi agraria ring sajeroning kapasitasné dados Menteri Parindustrian, miwah ngamargiang promosi kampanye literasi ring sajebag Kuba. Dané taler dados Diréktur pangarah angkatan masajanta Kuba miwah Présidén Bank Nasional, taler sampun ngelana ring sajebag jagat pinaka pawakilan resmi Kuba. Guevara taler nyarengin ngalatih militér sané pamuputné nulak Invasi Celuk Celeng.[8] lan dané ngadukung pangiriman misil-misil balistik masanjata nuklir druén Uni Soviét nuju Kuba sané maujung majeng Krisis Misil Kuba warsa 1962.[9]
Guevara pinaka satunggil panyurat. Dané nyusun satunggil buku panduan indik perang gerilya lan taler satunggil mémoar indik pamargi masa yowanané nganggén sepéda montor. Pangalamané taler idéologi Marxisme–Leninisme sané dané anut ngaranayang percaya indik kirangné panglimbak lan magantungan negara-negara Jagat Katiga inggih punika asil saking imperialisme, neokolonialisme, lan kapitalisme monopoli, lan dané percaya indik puniki wantah prasida karombak olih internasionalisme proletarian lan révolusi jagat.[10][11] Guevara matilar saking Kuba duk warsa 1965 mangda prasida ngawinang révolusi ring dura negara. Dané kapertama mautsaha ngwantu pamberontak ring Kongo-Kinshasa, sakéwanten indiké puniki polih kagagalan. Dané lantas manados gerilyawan ring Bolivia, nanging dané katangkep olih militér Bolivia sané kawantu olih CIA lan salanturné kadanda pati antuk kabedil.[12]
Che Guevara inggih punika tokoh lelintihan sané kahormatin lan kacacad, antuk imajinasi kolektif dané sané matungkasan ring biographi, memoar, esai, dokuménter, tembang, lan pilem. Majalaran antuk peranné sané karasayang pinaka martir, lan kaukanné mangda ngasut perjuangan kelas lan ngawetuang eling "manusa anyar" sané kasokong olih moralitas bandingang sareng materialisme,[13] dané manados lambang makudang gerakan kiwa. Majalah Time nganobatang dados silih sinunggil 100 tokoh pinih mapangaruh daweg abad ka-20,[14] sauntara potrét Che Guevara sané kaabadiyang olih Alberto Korda (sané mamurda Guerrillero Heroico) kaanggép dados "potrék pinih kaloktah ring jagat" olih Maryland Institute College of Art .[15]
- ↑ Sinclair, Andrew Annandale. "Che Guevara". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2016-10-11. Kaaksés 4 Oktober 2018. Unknown parameter
|dead-url=ignored (help) - ↑ Partido Unido de la Revolución Socialista de Cuba, a.k.a. PURSC.
- ↑ Casey 2009, hlm. 128.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 On Revolutionary Medicine Archived 2010-03-07 at the Wayback Machine Pidarta olih Che Guevara majeng Milisi Kuba duk tanggal 19 Agustus 1960. "Sawireh kahanan tiangé malancaran, kapertama dados mahasisya lan salanturné dados dokter, tiang keni kontak raket sareng lacur, seduk lan gering; antuk tan prasida madué raré sangkaning kirang jinah; antuk rasa bengong sané kaprovokasi olih rasa seduk lan hukuman sané tan maren, ngantos bapa prasida nerima kelangan pianaknyané pinaka kecelakaan sané nénten penting, sakadi sané sering kemargiang ring kelas-kelas sané katindas ring pertiwi iraga Amérika. Lan tiang ngawit sadar ring galahé punika wénten indik-indik sané meh-mehan pateh pentingné sareng tiang sakadi dados anak san3 kasub utawi ngicenin pituut sané signifikan ring ilmu kedokteran: tiang meled nulungin jadma-jadma punika."
- ↑ Beaubien, NPR Audio Report, 2009, 00:09–00:13.
- ↑ "Castro's Brain", 1960.
- ↑ Taibo 1999, hlm. 267.
- ↑ Kellner 1989, hlm. 69–70.
- ↑ Anderson 1997, hlm. 526–530.
- ↑ "On Development" Archived 2014-08-18 at the Wayback Machine, pidarta Che Guevara ring sési pléno Konferensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa indik Paadolan miwah Pawangunan ring Jenéwa, Swiss, 25 Maret 1964. "The inflow of capital from the developed countries is the prerequisite for the establishment of economic dependence. This inflow takes various forms: loans granted on onerous terms; investments that place a given country in the power of the investors; almost total technological subordination of the dependent country to the developed country; control of a country's foreign trade by the big international monopolies; and in extreme cases, the use of force as an economic weapon in support of the other forms of exploitation."
- ↑ At the Afro-Asian Conference in Algeria Archived 2010-04-05 at the Wayback Machine, pidarta Che Guevara ring Seminar Ékonomi Kakalih Konférénsi Asia-Afrika ring Aljir, Algéria, duk tanggal 24 Februari 1965. "The struggle against imperialism, for liberation from colonial or neocolonial shackles, which is being carried out by means of political weapons, arms, or a combination of the two, is not separate from the struggle against backwardness and poverty. Both are stages on the same road leading toward the creation of a new society of justice and plenty. ... Ever since monopoly capital took over the world, it has kept the greater part of humanity in poverty, dividing all the profits among the group of the most powerful countries. The standard of living in those countries is based on the extreme poverty of our countries. To raise the living standards of the underdeveloped nations, therefore, we must fight against imperialism. ... The practice of proletarian internationalism is not only a duty for the peoples struggling for a better future, it is also an inescapable necessity."
- ↑ Ryan 1998, hlm. 4.
- ↑ Catatan kaki untuk Socialism and man in Cuba Archived 2017-08-10 at the Wayback Machine (1965): "Che argued that the full liberation of humankind is reached when work becomes a social duty carried out with complete satisfaction and sustained by a value system that contributes to the realization of conscious action in performing tasks. This could only be achieved by systematic education, acquired by passing through various stages in which collective action is increased. Che recognized that this would be difficult and would take time. In his desire to speed up this process, however, he developed methods of mobilizing people, bringing together their collective and individual interests. Among the most significant of these instruments were moral and material incentives, while deepening consciousness as a way of developing toward socialism. See Che's speeches: Homage to Emulation Prize Winners (1962) and A New Attitude to Work (1964)."
- ↑ Dorfman 1999.
- ↑ Maryland Institute of Art, referenced at BBC News 26 Mei 2001.