Asana
āsana ( Sanskerta : आसन ) punika postur angga, pangawitnyane lan kantun dados istilah umum antuk pose meditasi negak, [1] lan salanturnyane kalimbakang ring hatha yoga lan yoga modern pinaka latihan, ring soroh posisi napi manten, nambahin pose negak, ngadeg, mabalik, memutar, lan ngimbangin. Yoga Sutra Patanjali negesang asana pinaka [posisi sane] tegteg lan nyaman. [2] Patanjali nyambatang kawagedan malinggih antuk galah sane suwe pinaka silih sinunggil saking kutus angga sistemnyane . [2] Asana taler kabaos pose yoga utawi postur yoga ring basa Inggris.
Goraksha Sataka abad ka-10 utawi ka-11 miwah Hatha Yoga Pradipika abad ka-15 nyihnayang 84 asana; abad ka-17 Hatha Ratnavali ngicenin daftar sane matiosan saking 84 asana, nlatarang makudang-kudang saking ipun. Ring abad ka-20, nasionalisme India seneng sareng budaya fisik pinaka penampen majeng ring kolonialisme . Ring lingkungan punika, para pelopor sakadi Yogendra, Kuvalayananda, lan Kresnamacharya ngajahin sistem asana anyar (ngranjingang sistem latihan taler yoga hatha tradisional). Ring pantaraning sisia Kresnamacharya inggih punika guru yoga India sane madue pengaruh minakadi Pattabhi Jois, sane ngadegang yoga Ashtanga (vinyasa), lan BKS Iyengar, sane ngadegang yoga Iyengar . Ipun sareng sami nlatarang malih satusan asana, nguripang malih popularitas yoga, lan makta ka jagat Barat. Akeh malih asana sane sampun kakaryanin ngawit saking Cahaya ring Yoga Iyengar warsa 1966 sane nlatarang sawatara 200 asana. Nyatusan malih kailustrasiang olih Dharma Mittra.
Asanas kaklaim ngicenin manfaat spiritual lan fisik ring teks hatha yoga abad pertengahan. Wawu-wawu puniki, penelitian sampun ngicenin bukti indik ipun nincapang fleksibilitas, kekuatan, lan keseimbangan; mangda prasida ngirangin stres miwah kahanan sane mapaiketan sareng punika; lan khususnyane anggen ngirangin makudang-kudang penyakit sekadi asma [3] [4] lan diabetes. [5]
Asana sampun medal ring budaya sampun makudang-kudang abad. Seni agama India ngambarang tokoh Buddha, tirthankara Jain, lan Siwa saking posisi teratai lan kursi meditasi liyanan, lan saking posisi kemudahan kerajaan, lalitasana . Antuk kasubnyane yoga pinaka latihan, asanas lumrahnyane kacihnayang ring novel lan film, lan kadang-kadang taler ring iklan.
- ↑ Verse 46, chapter II, "Patanjali Yoga sutras" by Swami Prabhavananda, published by the Sri Ramakrishna Math ISBN 978-81-7120-221-8 p. 111
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Patanjali Yoga sutras, Book II:29, 46
- ↑ Ross, A.; Thomas, S. (January 2010). "The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies". Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 16 (1): 3–12. doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0044. PMID 20105062.
- ↑ Hayes, M.; Chase, S. (March 2010). "Prescribing Yoga". Primary Care. 37 (1): 31–47. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2009.09.009. PMID 20188996.
- ↑ Alexander G. K.; Taylor, A. G.; Innes, K. E.; Kulbok, P.; Selfe, T. K. (2008). "Contextualizing the effects of yoga therapy on diabetes management: a review of the social determinants of physical activity". Fam Community Health. 31 (3): 228–239. doi:10.1097/01.FCH.0000324480.40459.20. PMC 2720829. PMID 18552604.