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Agama-agama ring India

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Pralambang agama-agama utama ring India

Agama-agama India, kadang-kadang taler kasengguh agama-agama Dharma utawi agama-agama India, inggih punika agama-agama sane mawit saking anak benua India . Agama-agama puniki, sane ngranjing agama Budha, Hindu, Jainisme, lan Sikhisme, [web 1] [1] taler kasorohang dados agama-agama Timur . Yadiastun agama-agama India mapaiketan malarapan antuk sejarah India, ipun dados makudang-kudang komunitas agama, lan nenten kawatesin ring anak benua India. [web 1]

Agama-agama India pinaka persentase saking populasi jagat

  Hinduism (16%)
  Buddhism (7.1%)
  Sikhism (0.35%)
  Jainism (0.06%)
  Other (76.49%)

Agama-agama India manut akehnyane pengikut (survei 2020) [2] [3] [4] [5]

Agama Jumlah wargané
umat Hindu 1,25 miliar
Umat Buddha 520 yuta
Sikh 30 yuta
Jain 6 yuta
Sané tiosan 4 yuta
Samiané 1,81 miliar

Bukti sané nyihnayang agama prasejarah ring banua India mawit saking lukisan batu Mesolitik sané masebar. Krama Harappan saking panglimbak kawagedan manusané ring Lembah Indus, sané mamargi saking warsa 3300 kantos 1300 SM (masa dewasa 2600-1900 SM), madué budaya urbanisasi sané dumunan saking agama Veda. [6] [

Sejarah agama-agama India sane sampun kadokumentasiang kakawitin antuk sejarah agama Veda, praktik agama bangsa-bangsa Indo-Arya awal, sane kapupulang lan salanturnyane karedaksi dados Veda, taler Agama sane mawit saking Dravidia . Periode komposisi, redaksi, miwah komentar saking teks-teks puniki kauningin pinaka periode Veda, sané mamargi saking kirang langkung warsa 1750 ngantos 500 SM. [7] Pahan filosofis saking Weda karingkes ring Upanishad, sané ketah kasebut pinaka Vedānta, manut makudang-kudang arti sané maartos bab-bab sané kaping untat, pahan saking Veda utawi objek, tatujon sané pinih tegeh saking Veda. [8] Upanishad pangawit makasami ngawitin Era Umum, lima [10] saking solas Upanishad utama kakaryanin ring makasami kemungkinan sadurung abad ka-6 SM, [9] [11] lan madaging sebutan yoga lan moksha sane pinih riin. [12]

Periode śramana pantaraning warsa 800 miwah 200 SM pinaka cihna titik balik pantaraning Agama Hindu Veda miwah Hindu Purana. [13] Gerakan Shramana, gerakan agama India kuno sane sejajar nanging mapasahan sareng tradisi Veda, sesai nungkasin akeh konsep Veda lan Upanishada indik jiwa (Atman) lan realitas pamuput (Brahman). Ring abad ka-6 SM, gerakan Shramnik dewasa dados Jainisme [14] lan Buddha [15] lan madue tanggung jawab ring perpecahan agama-agama India dados kalih cabang filosofis utama astika, sane ngaturang pamuji ring Veda (contonyane, nem aliran ortodoks Hindu, Jaeg, dll). Nanging, makakalih cabang ngepah konsep yoga sane mapaiketan, samsara (siklus embas lan mati) lan moksha (kabebasan saking siklus punika). [17] [19] [20]

Periode Purana (200 SM - 500 M) lan periode awal abad pertengahan (500 - 1100 M) ngembasang konfigurasi anyar saking agama Hindu, terutama bhakti lan shaivisme, shaktisme, vaisnavisme, smarta, lan kelompok-kelompok sane alitan sakadi Shrauta konservatif.

Periode pangawit Islam (1100-1500 M) taler ngamedalang gerakan anyar. Sikhisme kawangun ring abad ka-15 antuk ajah-ajahan Guru Nanak miwah sia Guru Sikh sané maundagan ring India Utara . [web 2] Akeh penganutnyane mawit saking wewidangan Punjab . Salami masa pemerintahan Inggris ring India, metu reinterpretasi miwah sintesis agama Hindu, sané ngwantu gerakan kemerdekaan India.

Lis pustaka

[uah | uah wit]
  1. ↑ Adams: "Indian religions, including early Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism, and sometimes also Theravāda Buddhism and the Hindu- and Buddhist-inspired religions of South and Southeast Asia".
  2. ↑ "Központi Statisztikai Hivatal". Nepszamlalas.hu. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 7 January 2019. Kaaksés 2 October 2013.
  3. ↑ "Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact" (PDF). gordonconwell.edu. January 2015. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal 25 May 2017. Kaaksés 29 May 2015.
  4. ↑ "Viewpoint: Why Sikhs celebrate kindness". BBC News. 15 July 2021. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 28 June 2023. Kaaksés 17 July 2021.
  5. ↑ "Countries with the Largest Jain Populations". WorldAtlas. 11 June 2020. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 4 July 2023. Kaaksés 17 July 2021.
  6. ↑ Vir Sanghvi. "Rude Travel: Down The Sages". Hindustan Times. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 24 March 2019. Kaaksés 2 July 2021.
  7. ↑ Michaels 2004, p. 33.
  8. ↑ Max Muller, The Upanishads, Part 1, Oxford University Press, page LXXXVI footnote 1
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Olivelle 2014, pp. 12–14.
  10. ↑ The pre-Buddhist Upanishads are: Brihadaranyaka, Chandogya, Kaushitaki, Aitareya, and Taittiriya Upanishads.[9]
  11. ↑ King 1995, p. 52.
  12. ↑ Olivelle 1998, p. xxiii.
  13. ↑ Michaels 2004, p. 38.
  14. ↑ Jain 2008, p. 210.
  15. ↑ Svarghese 2008, pp. 259–60.
  16. ↑ Olivelle 1998, pp. xx–xxiv.
  17. ↑ The shared concepts include rebirth, samsara, karma, meditation, renunciation and moksha.[16]
  18. ↑ Samuel 2010.
  19. ↑ The Upanishadic, Buddhist and Jain renunciation traditions form parallel traditions, which share some common concepts and interests. While Kuru-Panchala, at the central Ganges Plain, formed the center of the early Upanishadic tradition, Kosala-Magadha at the central Ganges Plain formed the center of the other shramanic traditions.[18]
  20. ↑ Buddhism and Hinduism Similarities


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